不同油蒿树势的光谱分析

以宁夏灵武油蒿主要分布区为研究地,野外调查并获取了健康及受钻蛀性害虫危害后油蒿冠层光谱的反射率,并应用一阶微分方法处理光谱反射率进行研究。研究表明,健康油蒿受到钻蛀性害虫危害后,具有明显的＂红边＂蓝移现象,同时,利用高光谱数据监测虫害发生是可行的,而且对植株本身不造成任何伤害。该研究为荒漠灌木林是否可利用高光谱数据来进行钻蛀性害虫监测提供了基础。     

Dual Bioactivities of Essential Oil Extracted from the Leaves of Artemisia argyi as an Antimelanogenic versus Antioxidant Agent and Chemical Composition Analysis by GC/MS

The study was aimed at investigating the antimelanogenic and antioxidant properties of essential oil when extracted from the leaves of Artemisia argyi, then analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oil. The inhibitory effect of the essential oil on melanogenesis was evaluated by a mushroom tyrosinase activity assay and B16F10 melanoma cell model. The antioxidant capacity of the essential oil was assayed by spectrophotometric analysis, and the volatile chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results revealed that the essential oil significantly inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity (IC₅₀ = 19.16 mg/mL), down-regulates B16F10 intracellular tyrosinase activity and decreases the amount of melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, the essential oil significantly scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) ABTS radicals, showed an apparent reduction power as compared with metal-ion chelating activities. The chemicals constituents in the essential oil are ether (23.66%), alcohols (16.72%), sesquiterpenes (15.21%), esters (11.78%), monoterpenes (11.63%), ketones (6.09%), aromatic compounds (5.01%), and account for a 90.10% analysis of its chemical composition. It is predicted that eucalyptol and the other constituents, except for alcohols, in the essential oil may contribute to its antioxidant activities. The results indicated that essential oil extracted from A. argyi leaves decreased melanin production in B16F10 cells and showed potent antioxidant activity. The essential oil can thereby be applied as an inhibitor of melanogenesis and could also act as a natural antioxidant in skin care products.     

樟树和黄花蒿浸提物对菜粉蝶幼虫的生物活性

研究了樟树和黄花蒿的乙醇、氯仿、石油醚浸提物对菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食作用、触杀作用。结果表明黄花蒿乙醇浸提物和樟树石油醚浸提物的活性较好,48 h拒食率分别为72.11%、57.86%;干物质触杀作用的LC50分别为1.232 g/L、1.275 g/L。     

鲜切芦蒿PPO特性的研究

芦蒿去除不可食部分、冰水清洗、切分后用研钵碾成匀浆状于低温(4℃)离心机中离心(10000r/min,30min),获得的粗酶液用于多酚氧化酶(PPO)活力的测定和酶特性的研究。结果表明:鲜切芦蒿PPO适宜的pH值为6.5,温度为40℃。鲜切芦蒿PPO对60℃以下的温度不敏感,而在80℃以上温度下很易失活。鲜切芦蒿PPO对酚底物的亲和力依次为:绿原酸、愈创木酚>焦性没食子酸苯酚>酪氨酸>儿茶酚>间苯二酚>苯酚,且与儿茶酚结合时出现最大活力。抑制鲜切芦蒿PPO活力以焦亚硫酸钠效果最好,当其浓度达到0.33mmol/L(即0.06%)时能使PPO完全失活;亚硫酸氢钠和L-Cys的抑制效果也十分强;而EDTA-2Na浓度达3.0mmol/L对鲜切芦蒿PPO的抑制也仅为29.55%,作用很微弱;植酸、AA、醋酸锌、CA和4-HR的抑制作用介于L-Cys和EDTA-2Na之间。     

超声波辅助提取藜蒿多酚工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以藜蒿为原料,采用超声波辅助法提取藜蒿多酚,研究其最佳提取工艺及体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:超声波辅助提取藜蒿多酚的最佳条件为:液固比20:1(mL/g),提取次数2次,乙醇浓度30%(v/v),超声功率200W,提取时间80min,提取温度80℃,在此条件下,多酚得率为1.858%±0.023%。体外抗氧化实验表明:藜蒿多酚粗提液(PAST)的抗氧化能力随多酚浓度的增加而增强,当多酚浓度大于148.80μg/mL时,PAST对DPPH.的清除能力高于BHA而与没食子酸相当;还原能力顺序为:没食子酸>PAST>BHA,在实验浓度范围内,PAST的还原能力相当于BHA的1.24～1.33倍。     

In Vitro Determination of the Antifungal Activity of Artemisia campestris Essential Oil from Algeria

The chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia campestris from Algeria and its antifungal activity against 10 filamentous fungal strains were investigated. The A. campestris essential oil was obtained in a yield of 0.71% (v/w). The major constituents of the oil were α-pinene (18.65%), β-pinene (16.78%), β-myrcene (17.34%), and germacrene D (10.34%). Our study showed that A. campestris essential oil was a potent antifungal agent against some pathogenic fungal species. Fusarium graminearum was the most sensitive strain to A. campestris essential oil with minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration values of 1.25 µL/mL (v/v). The essential oil also exhibited a strong fungicidal activity against the tested fungi, except for Penicillium citrinum, P. viridicatum, and Aspergillus niger (MFC >20 µL/mL). Our findings suggested the application of A. campestris essential oil as a biofungicide in order to reduce the dependence on synthetic fungicides and ensure food safety and quality.     

超临界CO2萃取芦蒿挥发油的正交试验及GC-MS分析

目的:确定芦蒿挥发油超临界CO2萃取的最佳条件,并对挥发油中化学成分进行分析.方法:采用超临界CO2萃取芦蒿挥发油的正交试验,研究其萃取工艺条件,探讨萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、CO2夹带剂用量对挥发油收率的影响,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油中化学成分进行分析.结果:确定了超临界CO2萃取芦蒿中挥发油的最佳条件:萃取压力40MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间3h,夹带剂用量1.5ml/g,在最佳条件下芦蒿挥发油的收率为3.12%;气相色谱-质谱联用技术从芦蒿挥发油中共分离出45个峰,确定了其中的37种化合物,经峰面积归一化法测定了各组分的相对百分含量,所鉴定成分占总馏出峰面积的93.12%.主要成分蓝香油薁具有多种较强的生理活性.结论:本研究结果为芦蒿的进一步综合开发利用提供科学依据.     

稳定艾蒿油乳液的研究与制备

着重介绍艾蒿油乳化时，乳化剂、乳化方法及乳化最佳HLB值的摸索惜况，设计正交实验，探讨乳化条件对乳液平均粒径大小和分布均匀性的影响，确定了最佳乳化条件：乳化温度为60℃．乳化转速为4000r／min，乳化时间为10min。     

科尔沁沙地黑沙蒿人工植被土壤线虫群落特征

本文针对科尔沁沙地黑沙蒿人工植被土壤线虫的总数、群落组成、营养类群进行了研究。结果表明,随着黑沙蒿种植年限的增加,土壤线虫数量显著增加。不同年限黑沙蒿植被之间土壤线虫总数差异显著(P<0.01)。在本研究中共获得线虫13科19属,其中Acrobeles为优势属。在半流动沙丘生态系统中,植物寄生线虫为优势营养类群;而在黑沙蒿人工植被生态系统中,线虫群落逐渐向以食细菌线虫占优势的方向演替。本实验结果表明,土壤线虫群落结构对退化沙漠生态系统的恢复阶段具有很好的生物指示作用。     

Monoterpenoid content of sage grouse ingesta

We tested the hypothesis that the monoterpenoid levels in the ingesta from various digestive organs of sage grouse are less than that expected from the big sagebrush leaves ingested. Results supported the hypothesis. Dramatic reductions occurred between the gizzard and duodenum. Monoterpenoid levels in the ceca were nil; thus adverse effects of monoterpenoids on ceca microbes would also be nil.The use of trade or firm names in this paper is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service.