使用地热能的吸收式制冷系统

吸收式制冷系统可以利用低品位的热源来制冷，相对于常见的蒸汽压缩式制冷系统而言在这方面具有优势。我国是一个地热资源很丰富的国家，为了充分利用这一资源，我们有必要对以地热为热源的吸收式制冷系统进行研究。本文着重分析了使用地热资源的溴化锂吸收式制冷系统。     

Effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of SO<Emphasis Type="Italic">sk</Emphasis>4/2-/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> catalysts for the reduction of NO by NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>

The catalytic activity of sulfated titania (ST) calcined at a variety of temperatures has been investigated for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH₃. The NO removal activity of ST catalyst mainly depends on its sulfur content, indicating critical role of sulfur species on the surface of TiO₂. The role of sulfur is mainly the formation of acid sites on the catalyst surface. The presence of both BrØnsted and Lewis acid sites on the surface of sulfated titania has been identified by IR study with the adsorption of NH₃ and pyridine on ST. The reduction of the intensity of IR bands representing BrØsted acid sites is more pronounced than that revealing Lewis acid sites as the calcination temperature increases. It has been further clarified by IR study of ST500 catalyst evacuated at a variety of temperatures. The NO removal activity also decreases with the increase of the catalyst calcination temperature. It simply reveals that BrØnsted acid sites induced by sulfate on the catalyst surface are primarily responsible for the enhancement of catalytic activity of ST catalyst containing sulfur for NO reduction by NH₃.     

Chlorophyll adsorption on acid-activated clay

An acid-activated clay (Çanakkale montmorillonite from Turkey) was used to adsorb chlorophyll from hexane solutions. The phenomenon seems to be mainly driven by the interaction of chlorophyll with acid sites. The adsorption of chlorophyll on Brönsted acid sites was indicated by a characteristic infrared band for the -OH group at 3671 cm^?1. The variations in the structure of clay mineral and chlorophyll during adsorption have been examined by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy of the activated clay before and after adsorption of chlorophyll. Oxidation of adsorbed chlorophyll was completed at quite a high temperature.     

Vapor Phase Growth of Centimeter-Sized Band Gap Engineered Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Single-Crystal Thin Films with Color-tunable Stimulated Emission

Single crystal metal halide perovskites thin films are considered to be a promising optical, optoelectronic materials with extraordinary performance due to their low defect densities. However, it is still difficult to achieve large-scale perovskite single-crystal thin films (SCTFs) with tunable bandgap by vapor-phase deposition method. Herein, the synthesis of CsPbCl_3(1–x)Br_3x SCTFs with centimeter size (1 cm × 1 cm) via vapor-phase deposition is reported. The Br composition of CsPbCl_3(1–x)Br_3x SCTFs can be gradually tuned from x = 0 to x = 1, leading the corresponding bandgap to change from 2.29 to 2.91 eV. Additionally, an low-threshold (≈23.9 µJ cm⁻²) amplified spontaneous emission is achieved based on CsPbCl_3(1–x)Br_3x SCTFs at room temperature, and the wavelength is tuned from 432 to 547 nm by varying the Cl/Br ratio. Importantly, the high-quality CsPbCl_3(1–x)Br_3x SCTFs are ideal optical gain medium with high gain up to 1369.8 ± 101.2 cm⁻¹. This study not only provides a versatile method to fabricate high quality CsPbCl_3(1–x)Br_3x SCTFs with different Cl/Br ratio, but also paves the way for further research of color-tunable perovskite lasing.     

BrФnsted-Lewis双酸性离子液体催化大豆油制备生物柴油

设计合成了一系列BrФnsted–Lewis双酸性离子液体[Py(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4]/MCl X,将其用于催化酯交换制备生物柴油。考察了金属氯化物的种类及其与[Py(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4]的摩尔比对离子液体催化性能的影响。结果显示:离子液体[Py(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4]–2Fe Cl3具有最好的催化性能。在其作为催化剂时,考察了醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对生物柴油收率的影响。结果表明:当醇油摩尔比为8∶1,催化剂用量为5%(相对于原料油质量),反应温度为130℃,反应时间为6 h时,生物柴油收率可达96.2%。离子液体具有较好的重复使用能力,重复使用6次后,生物柴油收率没有明显降低。     

Alkane cracking reactions in zeolites with coadsorbed metal halides

HY which is loaded with SbF₅, BCl₃, or BF₃ at low coverages, one metal halide molecule per Brønsted acid site, is shown to be active in the isomerization and cracking of n-hexane and n-butane at room temperature. In contrast, NaY with the same metal halide loading shows greatly reduced activity under identical reaction conditions. The cracking reaction was repeated with DY in place of HY, demonstrating deuterium incorporation into the hexane isomer and light alkane products through interaction with the Brønsted site. Flow reactor studies demonstrate that the conversion is not constant as a function of time on stream, going through an induction period, reaching a maximum, at around 400 s, and then decaying to ~1% after 1 h.     

β-环糊精协同乙烯基咪唑离子液体脱除溶剂油中的萘

采用1-乙烯基-3-正丁基溴代咪唑离子液体（[VBIM]Br）为脱除剂,在β-环糊精协同作用下萃取溶剂油中的萘。本实验考察了不同单因素条件在[VBIM]Br离子液体与β-环糊精共同作用下对溶剂油中脱萘率的影响,同时通过响应面法优化脱除工艺条件。实验结果表明：[VBIM]Br离子液体与β-环糊精共同作用下对萘的萃取率比单独利用[VBIM]Br离子液体提高了15%以上,萃取率达到90%以上。离子液体简单回收后,重复使用5次过后,脱除率仍在80%以上。实验通过红外分析和紫外光谱分析了[VBIM]Br离子液体协同β-环糊精脱萘的机理,与[VBIM]Br离子液体协同作用下,β-环糊精对萘存在包合作用,实现了对溶剂油中萘的脱除。     

FCC催化剂酸性与孔结构对焦炭选择性的影响

分别制备酸性和孔体积不同的催化剂,并通过红外光谱、N₂吸附和ACE评价等方法,考察B酸与L酸的调变以及催化剂孔体积的变化对焦炭选择性的影响。结果表明,催化剂B酸量增加,L酸量在一定范围适度减少,均有利于焦炭选择性的提高;催化剂孔体积低于0.39 mL·g^-1时,随着孔体积增加,生焦因子呈降低趋势;孔体积高于0.39 mL·g^-1时,由孔体积增加带来焦炭选择性的优势便无法体现。     

多溴噻蒽系列化合物的热力学性质的密度泛函理论

298.15 K和1.013 ×10⁵ Pa时,用Gaussian 98程序,在B3LYP/6-31G^*水平上计算了75个多溴噻蒽系列化合物(PBTAs),得到各分子的热力学性质。设计等键反应,计算了PBTAs系列化合物的标准生成热和标准生成自由能。同时研究了这些参数与溴原子的取代位置及取代数目之间的关系;结果表明：热能校正值、定容热容、熵、标准生成热、标准生成自由能与溴原子的取代位置及取代数目之间有很强的相关性。根据标准生成自由能的相对大小;从理论上求得异构体的相对稳定性顺序。     

The Effect of Different Active Sites on the Catalytic Activity of Fe-ZSM-5 Zeolite for N2O Direct Decomposition

Fe-modified ZSM-5 zeolites (Si/Al = 25) were prepared by adopting the liquid ion-exchange method with nitrate and oxalate of iron as Fe precursors and their catalytic performance was studied in the N₂O decomposition reaction. The results of FT-IR and H₂-TPR investigations indicated that (i) part of the iron ions could replace Brönsted acid protons at the straight channel wall (α sites), intersection of straight and sinusoidal channels (β sites), and sinusoidal channel wall (γ sites) within the ZSM-5 zeolite; and (ii) different Fe precursors gave rise to various distributions of α, β, and γ sites. We observed that the Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst prepared with iron oxalate as Fe precursor outperformed the ones prepared with iron nitrate as Fe precursor in the direct decomposition of N₂O. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of iron ions located at the α sites was higher than those of iron ions located at the β and γ sites.