Determination and Health Implication of the Erucic Acid Content of Broccoli Florets, Sprouts, and Seeds

The erucic acid content of broccoli florets, sprouts, and seeds was found to be about 0.8, 320, and 12100 mg/100 g, respectively. Using the erucic acid limit established for canola oil in the U.S.A. and Canada as a guideline, the estimated dietary intake of erucic acid from florets and sprouts was considered of little consequence, whereas in seeds a relatively small amount (about 35 g/wk) equaled our calculated exposure limit for erucic acid. Additionally, the most complete fatty acid distribution yet published for the various forms of broccoli are presented.     

Use of Response Surface Methodology to Investigate the Effectiveness of Commercial Enzymes on Buckwheat Malt for Brewing Purposes

The influence of two factors, total concentration and fraction of three pairs of commercial enzymes, which showed statistical significance (Biocellulase W with Hitempase 2XL, Biocellulase W with Amylo 300 and Amylo 300 with Hitempase 2XL), were studied for their overall effect on buckwheat wort quality using response surface methodology (RSM). This study revealed that the addition of increasing levels of Hitempase 2XL to the buckwheat mash increased colour, extract levels, wort filtration, fermentability and total fermentable extract (TFE), along with decreasing viscosity values. Results also determined a high level of fermentability when an enzyme combination of 30% Biocellulase and 70% Hitempase was added to the mash. The addition of increasing levels of Amylo 300 to buckwheat mashes resulted in increases in fermentability and total fermentable extract (TFE), along with increases in total soluble nitrogen (TSN), free amino nitrogen (FAN) and Kolbach index (KI). With regard to the proposed optimal regime, although no synergistic effect was found when the three enzymes were used together, the optimum conditions for the production of buckwheat wort with lowest viscosity, highest extract and optimal fermentability were achieved using a joint model. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of producing wort suitable for the brewing of gluten‐free beer from 100% malted buckwheat with careful optimisation of enzyme types and dosage levels.     

Proteome alterations induced in human white blood cells by consumption of Brussels sprouts: Results of a pilot intervention study

Epidemiological studies indicate a correlation of cruciferous vegetables consumption with reduced incidence of cancer. This study was designed to investigate molecular mechanisms, which may help to understand the beneficial effects of Brussels sprout consumption. In order to avoid the limitations of in vitro model systems, we performed a dietary intervention study with five participants. We investigated, whether sprout consumption affects the proteome profile of primary white blood cells. In order to achieve maximal sensitivity in detecting specific adaptive proteome alterations, we metabolically labelled freshly isolated cells in the presence of ³⁵S‐methionine/cysteine and performed autoradiographic quantification of protein synthesis. Proteins were separated by 2‐DE and spots of interest were cut out, digested and identified by MS. After the intervention, we found a significant up‐regulation of the synthesis of manganese superoxide dismutase (1.56‐fold) and significant down‐regulation of the synthesis of heat shock 70 kDa protein (hsp70; 2.27‐fold). Both proteins play a role in malignant transformation of cells. Hsp‐70 is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, which leads to elimination of cancer cells, while SOD plays a key role in protection against reactive oxygen species mediated effects. Our findings indicate that the alteration of the synthesis of these proteins may be involved in the anticarcinogenic effects of cruciferous vegetables, which was observed in earlier laboratory studies with animals.     

Identification and determination of isoflavones in germinated black soybean sprouts by UHPLC−Q-TOF-MS mass spectrometry and HPLC-DAD

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC?Q-TOF-MS) and HPLC-DAD with an ultrasonic extraction method was developed for qualitative and quantitative compositions and contents in black soybean sprouts. Operational conditions of ultrasonic extraction were optimized by single-factor experiment. Phytochemical compositions of black soybean sprouts were identified by UHPLC?Q-TOF-MS in positive ion mode. A total of 23 compounds were tentatively characterized and identified by means of accurate mass and characteristic fragment ions. Among of them, the six isoflavones in different germinated black soybean sprouts were further quantified by HPLC-DAD. The results indicated that the calibration curves showed good linearity (r² > 0.9994). The intra-day and inter-day precision variations were less than 1.65% and 1.73%, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 94.95–106.45%. The results indicated that the maximum amounts of isoflavones were produced on the fourth to fifth day germinated black soybean sprouts.     

过氧化氢纳米雾化熏蒸对黄豆芽贮藏品质及生理特性的影响

目的 探究过氧化氢(H₂O₂)纳米雾化熏蒸处理对黄豆芽贮藏品质及生理特性的影响。方法 以黄豆品种“绥农53号”萌发的豆芽为试材,分别采用体积分数为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的H₂O₂雾化熏蒸5 min,无熏蒸处理作为对照组(CK),置于2℃,相对湿度为85%环境中贮藏,每隔2 d测定1次黄豆芽的失重率、硬度、脆度、菌落总数、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、H₂O₂积累量、总酚含量及褐变数和褐变相关酶活力相关指标。结果 与CK组相比,在贮藏第5 d, 1.5%H₂O₂纳米雾化熏蒸黄豆芽的失重率、菌落总数、褐变指数、MDA含量及H₂O₂积累量分别减少57.9%、22.6%、35.7%、31.0%和25.8%,硬度和脆度较CK组分别提高了25.6%和33.3%。总酚含量减少26.3%,1.5%H₂O₂纳...     

苦荞黄酮抗氧化作用的研究

苦荞黄酮对猪油和亚油酸所起的抗氧化效果不同,在猪油体系中,含槲皮素较多的苦荞黄酮抗氧化作用强;在亚油酸体系中,苦荞黄酮各组分协同抗氧化效果好。     

萌发苦荞淀粉的理化特性及消化性研究

本试验以萌发苦荞为研究对象,对苦荞萌发过程中淀粉的组成,尤其是淀粉颗粒形态的变化规律以及消化特性进行了研究。试验结果表明:经萌发处理后苦荞淀粉组成发生了变化,其中总淀粉质量分数下降了28.35%,随着直链淀粉的增加,直链淀粉与支链淀粉的比例也随之增大,在第3d时达到0.63;萌发苦荞淀粉的组成也发生变化,其中慢消化淀粉含量明显提高(P0.05);同时,适度萌发仅对淀粉颗粒的无定形区晶体结构产生影响,结晶度随着萌发时间增加逐渐增大,形成部分小分子聚合体。体外消化试验表明:较萌发前,苦荞淀粉消化性能明显改善。从萌发苦荞淀粉颗粒结构与体外消化性相关性分析结果可以看出体外消化率即血糖指数与萌发苦荞淀粉平均粒径呈显著正相关,与其结晶度呈显著负相关。从而揭示了萌发后苦荞淀粉粒径变小,结晶度变大,有利于血糖指数的降低。萌发苦荞淀粉血糖指数(GI)均小于55,属于低GI食品,是目前国内外营养与食品界推荐糖尿病人群理想食物。     

微波协同L-苯丙氨酸处理对苦荞萌发中黄酮的影响

以川乔1号苦荞种子为研究对象,研究微波处理协同营养液L-苯丙氨酸(L-Phe)处理富集发芽苦荞黄酮效果.采用单因素和CCD响应面优化的方法,以苦荞芽中黄酮含量为指标,优化微波协同L-Phe处理下苦荞萌发富集黄酮的最佳工艺,并采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对苦荞芽中黄酮成分进行分析.结果表明,最优富集工艺为:苦荞种子经消...     

Speciation of selenium in selenium-enriched seeds,buckwheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagopyrum esculentum</Emphasis> Moench) and quinoa (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chenopodium quinoa</Emphasis> Willdenow)

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willdenow) are widely used as food ingredients. The nutritional characteristics of these plants, i.e., high contents of proteins and amino acids suggest that selenium (Se) is preserved as selenoamino acid derivatives, in particular, selenomethionine (SeMet) in proteins, similar to selenized yeast. Therefore, buckwheat and quinoa are expected to be a good nutritional source of Se. Selenized buckwheat and quinoa were cultivated on Se-fortified soil using sparingly soluble Se salts, such as barium selenate and barium selenite. Se concentration in the edible parts of these plants was determined, and Se extraction efficiency with enzyme or alkali was evaluated. In addition, the chemical species of Se in the low molecular weight fraction of these plants were determined by HPLC-ICP-MS. Total Se concentrations in the edible parts of selenized buckwheat and quinoa were 170.4 ± 2.9 μg/g and 102.7 ± 2.4 μg/g wet weight, respectively. Thus, these selenized seeds were found to be Se accumulators. The results indicate that Se in selenized buckwheat exists mainly as SeMet, while Se in selenized quinoa exists not only as SeMet but also as selenate (Se(VI)) and non-protein forms.     

江苏省四市消费者无根豆芽认知、态度、行为调查

目的:了解江苏省4市普通消费者对无根豆芽的认知情况及消费行为的现状。方法:采用分群随机抽样的方法,对苏州、常州、盐城、宿迁4个市的超市和农贸市场附近280人进行无根豆芽相关知识—态度—行为(KAP)调查。结果:70.1%的消费者了解或者听说过无根豆芽;50.5%的消费者知道如何分辨无根豆芽和有根豆芽;68.6%的人认为食用无根豆芽对人体健康有影响。有43.5%的人通过电视了解食品安全相关信息,文化程度多为初中和高中或大专,两组间对食品安全信息关注程度有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:消费者受教育程度与其对食品安全信息的关注度间有相关性;消费者对无根豆芽的相关知识了解缺乏或者存在误解,需要进一步加强健康教育和宣传。