Characterisation of zero‐trans margarine fats produced from camellia seed oil,palm stearin and coconut oil using enzymatic interesterification strategy

Zero‐trans interesterified fats were produced from camellia seed oil (CSO), palm stearin (PS) and coconut oil (CO) with three weight ratios (CSO/PS/CO, 50:50:10, 40:60:10 and 30:70:10) using Lipozyme TL IM. Results showed that the interesterified products contained palmitic acid (34.28–42.96%), stearic acid (3.96–4.72%), oleic acid (38.73–47.95%), linoleic acid (5.92–6.36%) and total medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFA)s (∑MCFAs, 5.03–5.50%). Compared with physical blends, triacylglycerols of OOO and PPP were decreased and formed new peaks of equivalent carbon number (ECN) 44 in the interesterified products. The product CPC3′ showed a slip melting point of 36.8 °C and a wide plastic range of solid fat content (SFC) (45.8–0.4%) at 20–40 °C. Also, the major β′ form was determined. These data indicated that the zero‐trans interesterified fats would have a potential functionality for margarine fats. Subsequently, the antioxidative stabilities of interesterified products with the addition of α‐tocopherol (α‐TOH) and ascorbyl palmitate (AP) were investigated. The results indicated that AP had a dose‐dependent effect at concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 ppm.     

Production of yellow wine from Camellia Oleifera meal pretreated by mixed cultured solid‐state fermentation

Camellia oleifera meal was evaluated to be a potential feedstock for the production of yellow wine (YW), and process conditions were investigated. In this study, C. oleifera meal was firstly pretreated using mixed cultured Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger under solid‐substrate fermentation to degrade the tea saponin (TS) for the following YW fermentation. Response surface methodology helped evaluate the effects of the selected operating parameters, and the optimal condition at a fixed time of 4 days, which gave a 67.84 ± 0.23% degradation rate of TS, was reached as inoculum concentration of 16%, initial moisture content of 55% and temperature of 30 °C. Finally, 7‐day fermentation was harvested to be the most suitable pretreatment for producing YW from C. oleifera meal, and the twice‐feeding fermentation for YW was obtained as wheat koji 12% and active yeast 1.2%. In addition, ample amino acids, phenolic components and the trace TS endowed the C. oleifera wine, the more nutritional characteristics.     

恭城油茶改善D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的认知障碍

研究恭城油茶对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠认知障碍的改善作用。将KM小鼠随机分为正常组、衰老模型组、Vc干预组（100 mg/kg）、恭城油茶干预组（750 mg/kg）。Morris水迷宫实验评价小鼠学习记忆能力;检测各组小鼠海马体和脑指数;比色法测定海马体、脑和肠道组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和丙二醛（MDA）水平;取部分海马体和脑组织制备切片,观察其病理变化。结果发现,恭城油茶能显著升高衰老小鼠海马体指数（35.56%）和脑指数（42.16%）(P<0.05);增加平台象限游泳时间比例（20.44%）和平台象限游泳路程比例（16.10%）(P<0.05);提高海马体中GSH-Px(37.95%)、T-SOD(86.83%)、T-AOC活性（199.22%）(P<0.05),降低MDA含量（65.66%）(P<0.05);增加脑组织中GSH-Px(331.49%)和T-SOD活性（177.16%）(P<0.05);切片结果显示,恭城油茶可缓解衰老过程中脑部的损伤。综上,恭城油茶可通过减...     

油茶皂素脱色及色泽评价方法比较研究

采用过氧化氢/凹凸棒土耦合体系对油茶皂素进行脱色,考察了过氧化氢用量、温度、时间和凹凸棒土用量对脱色率的影响,探究了皂素脱色的最佳条件,并比较了分光光度计法、分光辐射亮度计法、罗维朋比色计法、色阶比色法和直观拍照法等不同色泽评价方法对皂素颜色测定的优劣。研究结果显示：最佳脱色条件为H₂O₂用量6%,温度80℃,时间3 h,凹凸棒土用量3%,此条件下皂素呈现乳白色。5种色泽评价结果基本相近。分光光度计法可对茶皂素色泽精确定量分析;分光辐射亮度计法适用于较小色差情况下的颜色评价;罗维朋比色计法在需要对茶皂素溶液进行较广泛的色泽分析场景中具有优势;色阶比色法操作简便,可行性强;直观拍照能对以上方法佐证。     

Analysis of Phytochemical Composition of Camellia oleifera Oil and Evaluation of its Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

In China, Camellia oleifera oil (COO) is not only a common edible oil but also a traditional remedy widely applied to ameliorate a variety of illnesses associated with inflammation, such as mouth ulcers, thrush, eczema, etc. However, there has been a lack of relevant biological research on the anti-inflammatory capacity of COO, and the specific bioactive lipid phytochemicals contributing to the anti-inflammatory effect need further research. In this study, the RAW 264.7 macrophages model was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory capacity of COO. Our data showed that 33–200 μg/mL COO markedly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO.) secretion via the suppression of Nos2 and Cox-2 expression. The enzyme immunoassay confirmed that COO also exhibited a strong suppressive effect on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as Tnf-α and Il-6. To further explore the correlation between the anti-inflammatory effects and the lipid phytochemicals in COO, 10 samples were collected and screened for their chemical compositions. It was interestingly demonstrated that the polyphenol extracts of COO play a vital role in its anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-based system was also developed to deliver the liposoluble COO into the cells, and the feasibility of this system was confirmed. Our research confirms the anti-inflammatory potential of COO and highlights that the main functional ingredient is polyphenol extracts. This may provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization and development of COO and related functional foods.     

山茶油的功能特性

山茶油中油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸的含量很高,还含有角鲨烯、山茶甙、山茶皂甙等生理活性成分。山茶油烟点高,不皂化物含量少,具有良好的储存稳定性和抗氧化能力,其品质可与橄榄油相媲美。而且山茶油具有其独特的功能特性,如抑制脂质过氧化、预防肥胖、降低血脂和血糖水平以及调节免疫功能等。综述了山茶油的功能特性,以便能更好的开发利用山茶油。     

不同贮藏条件下油茶籽品质及生理活性

为了延长油茶籽的加工期限,将含水量为6%、13%的油茶籽分别贮藏在25℃、室温、4℃,相对湿度(RH)50%～65%条件下,观察贮藏期间品质及生理生化变化。结果表明：所有实验贮藏方法,油茶籽贮藏90d后均出现一定程度的劣变现象,贮藏品质下降。对不同处理贮藏效果的综合评价,最好的贮藏条件为温度4℃、油茶籽含水量6%,能明显抑制呼吸强度和脂肪酶活性,保持较高蛋白质、脂肪、糖等内含物质的含量,阻止油茶籽品质的劣变;其次为温度4℃、含水量13%,最差的为温度25℃、含水量13%。低温和低水分含量可有效提高油茶籽的贮藏品质。     

南山茶饼中乙醇提取物5个多酚化合物的分离纯化

为综合开发利用油茶资源,对南山茶饼乙醇提取物的组分进行了制备和鉴定。将经过乙酸乙酯萃取和硅胶柱层析分离纯化收集的组分XVII、XXVII、XXVIII和XXXIV 4个组分进行了HPLC制备,得到了纯度分别为99.2%,95.4%,97.5%,99.1%,97.4%的5个化合物。用安捷伦高分辩率质谱工作站Qualitative Analysis B.06.00分子式计算器对质谱准分子离子碎片进行了化学式的计算,结合化合物的裂解规律和化合物物理化学性质,鉴定为原儿茶酸和4个黄酮类化合物。化合物的核磁共振鉴定将在另外的文章中报道。     

油茶蒲不同溶剂粗提液的总黄酮提取率与抗氧化活性比较

为探索油茶蒲的有效利用途径,采用各具5个体积分数梯度的5种有机溶剂对油茶蒲进行超声辅助浸提而得到25种粗提液,研究比较了各粗提液的总黄酮提取率和清除DPPH·的能力。结果表明:总黄酮提取率最高的5种溶剂及其对应的总黄酮提取率依次是60%丙酮溶液(6. 28%)、60%乙醇溶液(5. 24%)、80%甲醇溶液(4. 82%)、60%1,3-丁二醇溶液(4. 40%)、60%乙酸乙酯-乙醇溶液(4. 13%);清除DPPH·能力最强的5种粗提液及其对应的清除率依次是100%乙醇溶液提取物(92. 78%)、60%乙酸乙酯-乙醇溶液提取物(92. 69%)、100%1,3-丁二醇溶液提取物(89. 68%)、100%甲醇溶液提取物(86. 54%)、100%丙酮溶液提取物(81. 99%)。黄酮提取率最高的油茶蒲提取物所对应的DPPH·清除能力并不是最强的,说明油茶蒲提取物中除了黄酮以外,可能还有多酚、皂素、多糖等其他抗氧化活性成分。适合油茶蒲黄酮利用的最佳提取剂是60%乙酸乙酯-乙醇溶液,总黄酮提取率达4. 13%,所对应提取物对DPPH·清除率达92. 69%,是一种适应工业化开发利用油茶蒲黄酮的理想溶剂。     

油茶籽粕蛋白功能特性及其酶解产物抗氧化活性研究

采用碱溶酸沉法提取油茶籽粕中的蛋白质,运用正交试验优化提取的最佳条件,并分析油茶籽粕蛋白功能特性及其木瓜蛋白酶水解物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,在pH 10、料液比1∶30(m/V)、提取时间3h、提取温度50℃的最佳条件下,油茶籽粕蛋白的得率为4.99%。油茶籽粕蛋白等电点在pH 5左右。乳化能力、乳化稳定性和起泡能力随p H增加呈先降后升的趋势,与蛋白溶解度密切相关。木瓜蛋白酶能有效提高油茶籽粕蛋白溶解性,其蛋白水解物对DPPH·自由基和羟基自由基均具有很好的清除能力(清除率85%),对铜离子的螯合能力大于对铁离子的螯合能力。