患"颤抖病"中华绒螯蟹血细胞中类立克次体寄生的超微结构观察

本文对患“颤抖病”的中华绒螯蟹血细胞内类立克次体生物RLOs的寄生及繁殖特性进行了超微结构研究。正常中华绒螯蟹的血细胞可分为三类；无颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞，而RLOs只特异性地侵染小颗粒细胞。RLOs以胞吞的方式进入小颗粒细胞，并在细胞内大量增殖形成包涵体，使细胞肿胀、瓦解、坏死，进而释放出RLOs，释放出的RLOs又继续侵染其他靶组织和细胞。     

无性型虫草菌株qsun-1的生长特性

利用组织分离法,从青藏高原野外采集的新鲜的冬虫夏草子座中分离得到无性型虫草菌株qsun-1,并研究了该菌株的菌落形态及显微结构.确定无性型虫草菌株qsun-1最佳培养条件为:生长温度15～18℃;培养基的构成为蔗糖2％,蛋白胨2％,MgSO4 0.1％,KH2 PO4 0.2％.     

提取方法对橙皮和桔皮中挥发油成分的影响

实验采用共水蒸馏的方法进行提取，随着蒸馏时间的延长，出现从未焦糊到完全焦糊的过程，挥发油中的主要成分的含量也随之改变．文中论述了实验室共水蒸馏的提取方法、过程，并对结果进行了分析，如果针对其中最主要的成分1-甲基-5-亚乙基环庚烯来说，焦糊状态有利于富集．     

水热法主要提取因素对光皮木瓜多糖结构的影响

目的 优化水热法提取光皮木瓜（Chaenomeles sinensis）多糖的提取工艺条件，对光皮木瓜不溶性多糖的组成和结构进行分析。方法 预处理后的光皮木瓜样品经水热法提取、抽滤、冲洗，浓缩等操作，分别得到不溶性多糖、醇沉多糖和醇溶多糖，通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射分析不溶性多糖的组成和结构。 结果 多糖提取的较优条件为150 ℃/45 min，料液比1∶10 (W/V)；温度对水热法提取效果影响显著，适当升高温度、延长提取时间和减少料液比有利于多糖提取；高温虽能促进半纤维素溶解，但无法使木质素和木聚糖降解；即使提取温度不同，光皮木不溶性多糖的结构差异也极小；水热法提取光皮木瓜多糖不会导致多糖的功能性基团变化，只改变多糖的化学组成。结论 该研究可为光皮木瓜多糖的结构与功能研究提供实验依据，也为陕西白河光皮木瓜资源的综合利用提供研究参考。     

Characterisation of zero‐trans margarine fats produced from camellia seed oil,palm stearin and coconut oil using enzymatic interesterification strategy

Zero‐trans interesterified fats were produced from camellia seed oil (CSO), palm stearin (PS) and coconut oil (CO) with three weight ratios (CSO/PS/CO, 50:50:10, 40:60:10 and 30:70:10) using Lipozyme TL IM. Results showed that the interesterified products contained palmitic acid (34.28–42.96%), stearic acid (3.96–4.72%), oleic acid (38.73–47.95%), linoleic acid (5.92–6.36%) and total medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFA)s (∑MCFAs, 5.03–5.50%). Compared with physical blends, triacylglycerols of OOO and PPP were decreased and formed new peaks of equivalent carbon number (ECN) 44 in the interesterified products. The product CPC3′ showed a slip melting point of 36.8 °C and a wide plastic range of solid fat content (SFC) (45.8–0.4%) at 20–40 °C. Also, the major β′ form was determined. These data indicated that the zero‐trans interesterified fats would have a potential functionality for margarine fats. Subsequently, the antioxidative stabilities of interesterified products with the addition of α‐tocopherol (α‐TOH) and ascorbyl palmitate (AP) were investigated. The results indicated that AP had a dose‐dependent effect at concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 ppm.     

Production of yellow wine from Camellia Oleifera meal pretreated by mixed cultured solid‐state fermentation

Camellia oleifera meal was evaluated to be a potential feedstock for the production of yellow wine (YW), and process conditions were investigated. In this study, C. oleifera meal was firstly pretreated using mixed cultured Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger under solid‐substrate fermentation to degrade the tea saponin (TS) for the following YW fermentation. Response surface methodology helped evaluate the effects of the selected operating parameters, and the optimal condition at a fixed time of 4 days, which gave a 67.84 ± 0.23% degradation rate of TS, was reached as inoculum concentration of 16%, initial moisture content of 55% and temperature of 30 °C. Finally, 7‐day fermentation was harvested to be the most suitable pretreatment for producing YW from C. oleifera meal, and the twice‐feeding fermentation for YW was obtained as wheat koji 12% and active yeast 1.2%. In addition, ample amino acids, phenolic components and the trace TS endowed the C. oleifera wine, the more nutritional characteristics.     

Five New Oxylipins from Chaenomeles sinensis

In the course of our continuing search for bioactive constituents of Korean medicinal plants, we isolated five new oxylipins, chaenomic acid A–E ( 1 – 5 ), and six known ones ( 6 – 11 ) from the twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis. The structures of the new compounds ( 1 – 5 ) were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR (¹H and ¹³C NMR, ¹H–¹H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY), olefin cross‐metathesis, and LC/MS analysis. The known compounds ( 6 – 11 ) were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data and specific optical rotation with the reported data. The isolated compounds ( 1 – 11 ) were tested for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐activated murine microglial cells and for their cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines (A549, SK‐OV‐3, A498, and HCT‐15).     

极危孑遗蕨类中华水韭叶结构的系统学意义

水韭属是濒危的孑遗植物,是研究古生态及其物种演化的活化石。本文用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了中华水韭叶片的结构特征,首次报道了:(1)通气道横隔细胞在同一平面以5~7个放射状短臂相互连接,且细胞表面有数百个微纤毛;(2)叶表皮为复表皮;(3)光合细胞以5~7个短臂在3D空间相互连接;(4)叶脉不分支,管胞的环纹与初生壁间另有连接结构,管胞周围有薄壁细胞紧密包围;(5)舌足与叶肉嵌合处各有表皮;(6)自气孔下室观察了气孔器的内侧结构,为气孔研究拓展了视野。认为水韭属叶片的超微3D结构具有稳定的特殊性和复杂性,与近源的石松科及卷柏科相差甚远,证明水韭有孤立的演化路线。     

动力学模拟超临界流体从香椿叶中萃取黄酮类化合物

首先介绍了三种动力学模拟超临界流体萃取的模型(经验模型、基于热传递类推的模型以及基于微分质量平衡的模型),然后模拟了在超声存在的条件下超临界流体从香椿叶中萃取黄酮类化合物的动力学过程,最后通过该例子展示了现有大多数动力学模型的缺点.     

恭城油茶改善D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的认知障碍

研究恭城油茶对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠认知障碍的改善作用。将KM小鼠随机分为正常组、衰老模型组、Vc干预组（100 mg/kg）、恭城油茶干预组（750 mg/kg）。Morris水迷宫实验评价小鼠学习记忆能力;检测各组小鼠海马体和脑指数;比色法测定海马体、脑和肠道组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和丙二醛（MDA）水平;取部分海马体和脑组织制备切片,观察其病理变化。结果发现,恭城油茶能显著升高衰老小鼠海马体指数（35.56%）和脑指数（42.16%）(P<0.05);增加平台象限游泳时间比例（20.44%）和平台象限游泳路程比例（16.10%）(P<0.05);提高海马体中GSH-Px(37.95%)、T-SOD(86.83%)、T-AOC活性（199.22%）(P<0.05),降低MDA含量（65.66%）(P<0.05);增加脑组织中GSH-Px(331.49%)和T-SOD活性（177.16%）(P<0.05);切片结果显示,恭城油茶可缓解衰老过程中脑部的损伤。综上,恭城油茶可通过减...