铜在鲫鱼体内的积累特征研究

通过半静态法将鲫鱼暴露于不同浓度的铜溶液中,研究了不同时间段铜在鲫鱼内脏、鳃及肌肉中的积累特征,通过曲线拟合研究铜在鲫鱼诸部位的积累量随暴露时间的变化特征。结果表明,铜在内脏、鳃及肌肉中的积累量均随暴露时间的增加而增加,在内脏和肌肉中积累速率由快到慢,拟合结果显示积累量与暴露时间的对数呈线性关系;鳃中积累量与暴露时间在低浓度时呈直线关系,高浓度时呈对数关系。鱼体各部位对Cu的积累能力为内脏>鳃>肌肉,且内脏中Cu的积累量大大高于鳃及肌肉。最大生物浓缩系数(BCF)值计算表明,在较低浓度下,鲫鱼对重金属Cu具有极强的积累作用。     

冷风变温干燥对半干鲫鱼片品质的影响

以鲫鱼为原料,利用冷风恒温干燥、降温干燥和升温干燥模式进行了干燥试验。通过对干燥曲线、产品质构特性、氧化值和挥发性气味物质各种指标的比较,发现不同的干燥模式对半干鲫鱼片最终品质的影响存在差异。恒温模式和升温模式的干燥速度低于降温模式,但最终产品的质构特征和产品挥发性物质种类上都优于降温模式。恒温模式和升温模式更适合半干鲫鱼片的干燥。     

茶多酚对微冻鲫鱼的保鲜作用

为研究茶多酚对鲫鱼微冻贮藏过程中品质的影响,将鲜活鲫鱼剖杀和清洗后,在0.10%茶多酚溶液(水溶性和脂溶性茶多酚质量比为4∶1)中浸泡1h后取出沥干,再用聚乙烯塑料膜包装后,立即置于-3℃微冻贮藏。以感官评分、三甲胺(TMA)、pH、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)、细菌总数作为质量指标,测定鲫鱼微冻过程中的品质变化。结果表明:茶多酚处理能够明显抑制细菌生长繁殖,降低TVB-N和TBA值,减缓感官品质的下降速度,但是,茶多酚对TMA值和pH值的影响不明显。结论:茶多酚对于微冻状态下的鲫鱼具有良好的抑菌和抗氧化作用,能够明显延缓鲫鱼的腐败变质。     

马家柚果皮对鲫鱼贮藏期挥发性物质的影响

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,检测了马家柚果皮包裹后4℃冰箱贮藏3 d的鲫鱼鱼肉挥发性物质的变化。结果发现,鲫鱼鱼肉中的挥发性物质有26种,其中相对含量最高的是醇类化合物,共8种,占61.17%;分别用鲜、干马家柚果皮包埋鱼肉,发现挥发性物质分别增加30种和40种,其中具有柠檬香气的双戊烯增加最多,由16.8%分别增加至60.33%和50.73%。检测马家柚果皮中的挥发性物质发现,鲜、干果皮中的双戊烯含量分别为37.12%和18.77%,说明鲫鱼中的双戊烯主要来自马家柚果皮。     

鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的改善作用

目的：从鲫鱼卵中提取唾液酸糖蛋白,研究其对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的改善作用,并探究其作用机理。方法：采用切除大鼠双侧卵巢的方法建立骨质疏松症大鼠模型,灌胃鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白（400 mg/（kg·d））90 d后,分别检测大鼠尿液骨吸收指标（脱氧吡啶啉、钙、磷）、血清骨吸收指标（抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶、组织蛋白酶K）、血清骨生成指标（骨源性碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端前肽）以及血清骨保护素（osteoprotegerin,OPG）、核因子κB受体活化因子（receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB,RANK）、核因子κB受体活化因子配体（receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL）含量。结果：鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白能显著降低骨质疏松症大鼠尿液脱氧吡啶啉（P＜0.01）、钙（P＜0.01）、磷（P＜0.01）含量和血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（P＜0.01）、组织蛋白酶K（P＜0.01）活性,防止大鼠骨吸收;显著降低血清骨源性碱性磷酸酶（P＜0.01）活性和骨钙素（P＜0.01）、Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端前肽（P＜0.01）含量,抑制大鼠高骨转换速率;显著上调OPG（P＜0.01）含量,下调RANKL（P＜0.01）含量,降低RANKL/OPG比值,抑制破骨细胞增殖分化,降低骨吸收。结论：鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白具有改善去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的作用,其作用机理可能与下调RANKL/OPG比值有关。     

鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白对SAMP6小鼠骨丢失的保护作用

本文研究了鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白(Sialoglycoproteins of Carassius auratus eggs,Ca-SGP)对SAMP6小鼠骨丢失的保护作用。以雄性SAMP6小鼠为老年性骨质疏松症动物模型,连续灌胃Ca-SGP 150d后,检测血清骨代谢生化标志物,测定小鼠股骨矿化沉积率、胫骨骨密度及松质骨微结构。结果显示,经Ca-SGP(500mg/kg·bw)干预后,小鼠血清中骨生成标志物骨源性碱性磷酸酶的活性和I型前胶原羧基端前肽、骨钙素的含量得到显著升高(p0.01),骨吸收标志物抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶和组织蛋白酶K的活性得到显著抑制(p0.01);胫骨骨密度提高10.92%(p0.01);松质骨骨体积分数、骨小梁数目及厚度均得到显著增加(p0.01),骨小梁间隙显著缩小(p0.01);骨矿化沉积率提高98.87%,差异显著(p0.01)。该研究表明Ca-SGP可改善老年性骨质疏松症小鼠低骨转换,提高骨密度,改善骨小梁结构,促进骨矿化,为开发抗骨质疏松症药物和功能食品提供了理论支持。     

稀土壳聚糖螯合盐对养殖水体水质的影响

试验探讨了在鲫鱼日粮中添加稀土壳聚糖螯合盐对养殖水体水质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组铵态氮、化学耗氧量(COD)、总不可滤残渣的测定结果均有不同程度的上升,而溶解氧(DO)、pH值的测定结果均有不同程度的下降;试验组各项测定结果呈现一定的波动,试验组与对照组间各项测定指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

Biochemical responses of freshwater fish Carassius auratus to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides

The freshwater fish Carassius auratus was chosen as an experimental subject, and their hepatic biochemical responses to the medium-term exposure of Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) alone and in combination with PCB118 and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were investigated by measuring the reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), to assess sublethal effects. The hepatic GSH content was significantly inhibited by organic pollutants, alone and in mixtures, while the TBARS content was significantly induced after three days of exposure. Bell-shaped concentration-response charts of GST activities were obtained. Significant dose-response relationships were found for hepatic GSH and TBARS contents of all concentrations and for the GST activity, except at the highest concentration. The GSH content, GST activity, and TBARS content in Carassius auratus were confirmed as useful biomarkers of exposure to organic pollutions.     

Assessment of antibacterial properties and the active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. E'erqisi,Bloch)

BACKGROUND: In this study, the antibacterial properties and active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. E'erqisi, Bloch) were assessed. RESULTS: The transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometric analysis showed that the antibacterial activity of plant extracts is due to the disruption of the cell membrane and the leakage of cytoplasmic contents. The UPLC–MS/MS analysis showed that the contents of gallic acid, (?)–epigallocatechin, (+)–catechin, (?)–epigallocatechin gallate, (?)–epicatechin gallate, aloe–emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion, were 5.27%, 3.30%, 1.08%, 19.32%, 5.46%, 0.23%, 0.56%, 1.28%, 0.75% and 0.39% in plant extracts, respectively. Results of feeding experiment showed that feeding crucian carp with 1.0% and 2.0% plant extracts significantly enhanced specific growth rate, serum total protein, lysozyme, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and decreased the feed conversion rate, malondialdehyde contents and the mortality rate (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that plant extracts added to fish feed can act as natural antimicrobial and immunostimulants to prevent pathogenic infection, enhance immune response, and promote growth of the fish. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

扑草净对鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）生长的影响及其导致的水体营养盐变化

为评价扑草净在水环境中造成的生态风险,以扑草净作为目标污染物,以鲫鱼作为受试生物,于实验室内水族箱中进行试验。持续监测鲫鱼体质量体长及水体营养盐浓度,考察扑草净对鲫鱼生长的影响,及其导致的水体营养盐浓度变化特征。结果表明：鲫鱼体质量生长率、体长生长率及营养盐浓度随时间的变化可利用Logistic方程描述（R²=0.959~0.997）;有扑草净组鲫鱼体质量生长率等比无扑草净组低8.7%～50.3%。无鱼时扑草净对水体中氮磷营养盐浓度、营养盐比例及总氮/总磷比例无显著影响;有鱼时,有扑草净组的总颗粒氮和总颗粒磷浓度分别比无扑草净组低41.4%及33.8%,有无扑草净组各形态磷营养盐浓度与总磷的比例以及总氮/总磷浓度比例差异显著。研究表明扑草净对鲫鱼的毒性效应可间接影响水体营养盐浓度。