Properties of paper coated with kaolin: The influence of the rheological modifier

The first part of this paper analyses the influence of the molecular weight and concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and of kaolin concentration on rheology of the coating colours and on paper properties coated with ultra lightweight coatings (ULWC). In the second part, relationships between the rheological characteristics of the coating colour formulations and coated paper surface quality was also studied.New indexes on paper roughness at micro-scale are presented (RZI and SRI). In general, they show good correlation with sheet gloss. A new gloss index (SGI) is presented, accounting for the contribution of gloss from machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD). Porosimetry was used to access microstructural characteristics in order to correlate them with light scattering and gloss properties. The former property is closely related to Hg intrusion volume of the coated layer while gloss is related to surface porosity with pore diameters in the range of 7–15 μm as measured by Hg intrusion volume.     

Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and β-Cyclodextrin Microspheres by Spray Drying

Three kinds of carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres loaded with theophylline were prepared by spray drying intended for pulmonary delivery. Mucociliotoxicity, permeation rate, and drug release characteristics of the product were investigated. The microspheres obtained by spray drying were found to be spherical with smooth or wrinkled surfaces. The mean particle size was between 3.39 and 6.06 µm. The microspheres demonstrated high product yield (43.7-50.2%), high drug loading (13.7-38.1%), and high encapsulation efficiency (86.9-92.8%). FT-IR indicated that there were interactions of theophylline with carboxymethyl chitosan matrix. Further studies on mucociliotoxicity and permeation confirmed that microspheres had better adaptability and high permeation rate. In vitro drug release from the microspheres was not related to the drug/polymer ratios.     

Synthesis of smart core-shell polymer in supercritical carbon dioxide

Herein we report a new and simple method that has been developed to prepare smart polymeric microgels consisting of temperature-sensitive cores with pH-sensitive shells. The microgels were obtained directly from one step seed polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide from water-soluble biopolymers containing carboxymethyl groups in supercritical carbon dioxide. The effect of initial concentration of initiator, crosslinker, and carboxymethyl starch (CMS) dose as well as reaction pressures on the yield and morphology of the resulting polymer were investigated. CMS and crosslinker worked effectively as surfactant to some extent. PNIPAM/CMS particles with diameters in 100 nm and narrow particle size distribution were produced in supercritical carbon dioxide, in high yield and in short reaction times.     

沸石/纤维素复合材料保水保肥性能研究

以沸石、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酸等为原料,用水溶液交联共聚法合成了吸水保水复合材料。利用红外光谱分析复合材料的官能团,通过淋溶和蒸发试验研究了沸石∕纤维素复合材料的水肥调控性能。结果表明沸石、纤维素与单体聚合良好,沸石∕纤维素复合材料具有显著的保水保肥性能,可明显减少氮、钾的流失,具有良好的应用前景。     

羧甲基纤维素系列高分子表面活性剂在溶液中胶束行为的研究

本文通过激光光散射、紫外光谱、分光光度计和表面张力研究了羧甲基纤维素与烷基醇聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯的超声共聚物在溶液中的临界胶束浓度、增溶作用和微乳液等胶束行为。结果表明：高分子表面活性剂虽然出现双临界胶束浓度现象，但在低浓度区仍存在多分子胶束；亲水链最长的大单体Ｒ１２ＥＯ２０Ａ及其共聚物对甲苯的增溶性最强，甲苯增溶在胶束的疏水内核中；共聚物水溶液与甲苯、异丙醇形成的微乳液与低分子乳化剂不同，表现出高分子表面活性剂的分子尺寸大和结构复杂的特征。     

CO-gasification of pelletized wood residues

A pelletization process was designed which produces cylindrical pellets ∼8 mm in length and 4 mm in diameter. These ones were manufactured using a blend of Pinus Patula and Cypress sawdust and coal in proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% v/v of coal of rank sub-bituminous extracted from the Nechí mine (Amagá-Antioquia). For this procedure, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used as binder at three different concentrations. The co-gasification experiments were carried out with two kinds of mixtures, the first one was composed of granular coal and pellets of 100% wood and the second one was composed of pulverized wood and granular coal pellets. All samples were co-gasified with steam by using an electrical heated fluidized-bed reactor, operating in batches, at 850 °C. The main components of the gaseous product were H₂, CO, CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ with approximate quantities of 59%, 6.0%, 20%, 5.0%, and 9.0% v/v, respectively, and the higher heating values ranged from between 7.1 and 9.5 MJ/Nm³.     

含N、K的羧甲基纤维素类吸水剂的制备及性能研究

以过硫酸钾为引发剂,以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,用羧甲基纤维素与丙烯酸、丙烯酸钠、丙烯酸钾进行自由基接枝共聚,再以氨水中和所得接枝共聚物,制备了不同含氮量的吸水树脂。研究了原料配比及氨水中和度对吸水率的影响。结果表明:在羧甲基纤维素:丙烯酸=1:10,交联剂:引发剂:羧甲基纤维素=1:3:200的条件下,聚合物的吸水性能随体系中丙烯酸中和度的提高而变强;用氨水中和制得的聚合物的吸水性能以中和度为80%时最强,吸去离子水可达563.5g/g、自来水232.5g/g、0.9%的生理盐水100.5g/g、人工尿54.5 g/g,具有相当好的耐盐性和实用性。     

羧甲基纤维素在铌矿物选别中抑制行为的研究

讨论了弱磁尾矿中的铌矿物浮选产物中羧甲基纤雏素对各种脉石矿物的抑制行为，建立了铌矿物选别的脉石抑制剂——羧甲基纤维素的吸附模型。     

高取代度羧甲基淀粉醚的制备

通过正交设计的合成试验对影响羧甲基淀粉醚取代度的各因素及它们的交互作用进行了考察,通过方差分析检验它们的显著性,研究了各因素影响淀粉羧甲基化反应的机理。在所确立的最佳反应条件下一次醚化能制备取代度高达1.70的羧甲基淀粉醚。对高取代淀粉醚作为钻井泥浆降失水剂的性能进行了初步评价。     

Development of an efficient stabiliser mixture for physical stability of nonfat unfizzy doogh

The effects of locust bean, carboxymethyl cellulose, a mixture of locust bean and carboxymethyl cellulose and Persian gum on different properties of nonfat doogh were studied over a period of 28 days. The results showed that samples containing a mixture of locust bean and carboxymethyl cellulose had the highest stability. Furthermore, the rheological behaviour of the doogh changed from Newtonian to pseudoplastic. Better sensory acceptability was shown for the treatments containing a mixture of locust bean gum and carboxymethyl cellulose. In general, it was shown that a mixture of locust bean and carboxymethyl cellulose could be of practical use in the industrial production of nonfat doogh.