Schistosome behavior in vitro

Schistosome adults attract each other in vitro and the attraction is chemically mediated. InSchistosoma mansoni adults, excretory-secretory (ES) products of worms of one sex attract worms of the opposite sex, and at least the lipophilic fraction is attractive. Intra- and interspecific attraction occurs inSchistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, andS. haematobium adults. Current knowledge of schistosome behavior in vitro is reviewed.     

日本血吸虫抗体电化学免疫传感器研究

该文研制了一种高灵敏的基于辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)放大的电化学免疫传感器用于日本血吸虫抗体的检测.实验采用夹心法的模式,在电极表面固定了日本血吸虫抗原(SjAg),用以捕获血清中的日本血吸虫抗体(SjAb),然后再与辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的羊抗兔IgG二抗形成免疫复合物.用计时安培法检测HRP酶催化H2O2还原对苯二酚底物产牛的电流,其大小与日本血吸虫抗体(SjAb)浓度在一定范围内成正比.对免疫反应的实验条件如电极表面固定抗原的浓度,HRP酶标二抗的浓度进行了优化.此外,还考察了其它蛋白质对测定结果的影响.结果表明,该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,线性范围宽,检测下限低.     

安徽歙县连香树群落的植物区系特征分析

安徽歙县连香树群落中有种子植物52科、106属、128种(含种下分类单位).其中,裸子植物2科2属4种,分别占种子植物的3.8%、1.9%、3.1%;被子植物50科104属124种,分别占种子植物的96.2%、98.1%、96.9%.在各类属的地理成分中,以温带地理成分占较大优势.属的地理成分反映了群落区系的温带性质,并与其它各地的植物区系如热带植物区系有着广泛联系.     

Fragrance of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Attracts Both Floral Herbivores and Pollinators

The evolution of floral scent as a plant reproductive signal is assumed to be driven by pollinator behavior, with little attention paid to other potential selective forces such as herbivores. I tested 10 out of the 13 compounds emitted by dioecious Cirsium arvense, Canada thistle, including 2-phenylethanol, methyl salicylate, p-anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, linalool, furanoid linalool oxides (E and Z), and dimethyl salicylate. Single compounds (and one isomer) set out in scent-baited water-bowl traps trapped over 10 species of pollinators and 16 species of floral herbivores. The two dominant components of the fragrance blend of C. arvense, benzaldehyde and phenylacetaldehyde, trapped both pollinators and florivores. Other compounds attracted either pollinators or florivores. Florivores of C. arvense appear to use floral scent compounds as kairomones; by advertising to pollinators, C. arvense also attracts its own enemies.     

草甘膦对土壤微生物的影响

以东北地区黑土为材料,探讨草甘膦对土壤呼吸、土壤可培养菌种群数量、大豆固氮根瘤菌和大豆根腐镰刀菌数量的影响。研究结果表明,随着草甘膦浓度的加大,土壤呼吸的抑制作用增强,土壤中草甘膦含量为1mg.kg^-1、10mg.kg^-1、100mg.kg^-1时,危害系数分别为1.20、0.322、0.076,远小于无危害标准系数20,确定草甘膦对土壤微生物低毒或无实际危害。不同浓度的草甘膦对土壤真菌、放线菌种群数量具有一定影响。土壤可培养菌种群数量随草甘膦浓度的升高抑制作用逐渐增强,随着草甘膦加入时间的延长,真菌、细菌、放线菌的种群数量有所恢复,其中放线菌与真菌同细菌相比对草甘膦敏感,土壤细菌对草甘膦具有较强的耐受或降解能力。草甘膦对大豆根瘤菌和大豆根腐镰刀菌有一定影响,对大豆根瘤菌的抑制作用与草甘膦浓度呈正比;低浓度草甘膦对镰刀菌产生激活作用,高浓度草甘膦对镰刀菌具有抑制作用;伴随草甘膦加入时间的延长,其对大豆根瘤菌和大豆根腐镰刀菌的抑制作用逐渐减弱。     

林窗面积对连香树幼苗生长及生物量分配的影响

[目的]为有效保护连香树资源、人工促进连香树群落天然更新和种群形成,探索林窗面积变化对幼苗生长及生物量分配的规律.[方法]以连香树幼苗为材料,通过设置2种林窗面积和林下环境,研究林窗面积对连香树幼苗生长及生物量分配的影响.[结果]不同处理连香树幼苗地径和高呈现极显著差异.小林窗下连香树幼苗高生长和地径生长最大,分别是大...     

The Dune Lakes in central coastal California: Why are they dry?

The Dune Lakes comprise 10 natural lakes in the Callender Dunes in central coastal California, USA. These lakes are wetlands in an arid environment, being important habitat for native wildlife and plants, including three occurrences of the federally endangered/State threatened wetland plant, La Graciosa thistle (Cirsium scariosum var. loncholepis; Asteraceae). This plant is known from 21 occurrences, of which only five are extant in 2019. One extant occurrence persists at the lakes and where two other occurrences are likely extirpated. Nine lakes have recently dried, one having been dry for 5 years (2012–2017). Understanding the hydrology of the Dune Lakes is essential for conservation planning and to help prevent extinction of La Graciosa thistle. The best available information points to a combination of two primary causes for drying of the lakes. The first is extensive groundwater extraction beneath Nipomo Mesa to the east. The second is severe drought. The competing demands for water and continued development on the mesa will be obstacles to restoration of the lakes and to recovery of the endangered plant.     

路边青多酚的稳定性及其热降解动力学

研究pH值和温度对路边青多酚的稳定性影响及其路边青多酚的热降解动力学特征。结果表明：多酚质量浓度随pH值增加而增加,随温度的升高而减小。多酚的热降解反应符合一级反应动力学模型,动力学曲线线性关系良好。30～70℃条件下热降解反应的速率常数分别为0.0096、0.0115、0.0153、0.0175h-1和0.02h-1,表观活化能为15.6952kJ/mol。     

双频超声对海金沙中黄酮提取率影响的研究

采用双频超声技术提取海金沙黄酮，选择乙醇体积分数、溶剂体积、超声作用时间、浸泡时间等因素进行正交实验，得出影响总黄酮提取率的因素次序为：乙醇体积分数〉溶剂体积〉超声作用时间〉浸泡时间，双频超声提取最佳工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数为70％，乙醇体积为40mL，超声作用时间为30min，浸泡时间为4h。在此条件下，总黄酮提取率为86．25％。在相同的条件下，与单频超声提取方法相比较，具有溶剂用量少，提取效率高，提取时间短等优点。     

响应面分析法优化海金沙多糖的提取工艺

利用响应面分析法对海金沙草多糖的提取工艺进行优化。在单因素试验基础上选取试验因素与水平,根据中心组合(Box-Benhnken)试验设计原理采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,确定各工艺条件的影响因素,以海金沙多糖提取率为响应面和等高线,在分析各个因素的显著性和交互作用后,得出海金沙多糖浸提的最佳工艺条件为温度92℃、料液比1:25、浸提时间2.1h。在最佳提取条件下,提取2 次,海金沙草的多糖得率为16.475%。