Effect of processing on in vitro digestibility of protein and starch in quinoa seeds

The in vitro digestibility of protein in raw quinoa assessed by an enzymic method was 78%, significantly ( P > 0.01 ) lower than that of casein, 91%, and also somewhat lower ( P > 0.01) than that of the raw washed quinoa sample, 83%. the process used to remove the outer layers of the seeds containing saponins increased the protein digestibility significantly ( P > 0.01), by 7%. Heat treatments increased protein digestibility over that of raw quinoa samples. Only the cooked sample treated for 60 min presented a slightly lower protein digestibility, 77%, than those obtained for other heat-treated samples.
The temperature, time and moisture used in cooking and autoclaving of whole seeds of quinoa did not improve starch digestibility significantly. the digestibility of the starch in the raw and precooked samples was 72 and 77%, respectively, after drum drying and about 64% after extrusion in both cases. Precooking at 60°C for 20 min does not improve the digestibility of the quinoa starch.     

叶子花红色素提取工艺的优化

本文研究了用树脂吸附和分离叶子花红色素，比较了4种树脂对叶子花红色素的吸附，在叶子花红色素提取过程中用AB－8树脂吸附，洗脱剂用40％的乙醇，洗脱效果好，且AB－8树脂使用20次后吸附性能仍稳定。     

Distinguishing the medicinal herb Oldenlandia diffusa from similar species of the same genus using fluorescence microscopy

The light microscope is routinely used for microscopic identification of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM). However, the fluorescence microscope has not been used for this purpose until now. The CMM, Baihuasheshecao, mostly used as a component of herb tea, is a well known folk-medicine in China. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, its source is the species Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. Two other species of the same genus, namely O. corymbosa (L.) Lam and O. tenelliflora Bl., had been found in use as Baihuasheshecao. To find a quick and easy method to distinguish O. diffusa from these similar species of the same genus, the fluorescence microscope was used to investigate the fluorescence emission characteristics of the three tissues, which were compared with light microscopy images of the same material. The results showed that some tissues of the three herbs emit autofluorescence. Specially, the wall of endoderm cells of O. diffusa and O. tenelliflora emit autofluorescence, while similar tissue of O. corymbosa does not. Hence, fluorescence microscopy can be helpful in the identification of CMM.     

Biodiesel production from two stage esterification of simarouba glauca seed oil and its characterization

In this work, biodiesel was produced from simarouba glauca seed oil through a two-stage acid-alkali esterification process. Concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide were used as catalysts for acid and alkaline catalyzed esterification process, respectively. The free fatty acid content of the oil was reduced from 3.5 to 0.2%. The major properties of oil and its biodiesel were studied. Upon two-stage esterification, kinematic viscosity was reduced from 45.75 to 3.1 cSt and the acid value was reduced from 6.9348 to 0.4 mg KOH/g. The measured physio-chemical properties are within the limits set by ASTM biodiesel standards.     

不同溶剂对野葛中葛根素提取效果影响的研究

目的考察不同溶剂对葛根素提取效果的影响。方法以水和不同浓度的乙醇提取野葛根中的葛根素,以葛根素的提取率和含量为考察指标,通过L9(34)正交试验,比较不同溶剂提取的最佳条件。结果热水提取法的最适条件为料水比1∶10、提取时间2.0 h、提取次数2次;醇提的最佳条件为料液比1∶6,提取时间2.0 h,乙醇体积分数为30%,提取3次。结论优选的两种溶剂提取工艺条件都合理可行,相比之下,水提取的综合指标更高一些。     

不同热风干燥温度对乌天麻干燥特性及品质变化的影响

为研究不同热风干燥温度对乌天麻的干燥特性及品质的变化,以新鲜的乌天麻为原料,比较分析了不同热风干燥温度（恒温、升温、降温）对乌天麻干燥特性（干燥时间、含水量、折干比）和品质（浸出物、多糖、天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇）的影响。结果表明：不同干燥温度对乌天麻干燥特性和品质的影响变化明显,且不同指标的变化多呈相反趋势,70℃恒温、40～70℃缓慢升温干燥对乌天麻的干燥时间、浸出物、天麻素含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）,50℃恒温、70～40℃快速降温干燥对折干比、多糖和对羟基苯甲醇的影响优势显著（P<0.05）。综合考虑干燥特性和品质,40～70℃缓慢升温干燥在保证干燥特性（干燥时间9 d、含水量5.98%）优势前提下也保证了有效成分含量（浸出物21.81 g/100 g、多糖22.92 g/100 g、天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇总量6.04 mg/g）,该研究为乌天麻初加工提供科学的理论依据,指导产地乌天麻初加工标准化。     

Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by London plane leaves

The effect of initial metal concentration, contact time and solution temperature on the removal of Cr(VI) from solution by waste London plane leaves, generated by the pruning of street trees, was investigated in batch mode conditions. The removal of Cr(VI) was highly concentration‐dependent and mainly governed by physico‐chemical adsorption under the weak acidic conditions studied. The equilibrium data fit well in the Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir constants were calculated at different temperatures and both the adsorption capacity and adsorption intensity increased with rising temperature. The endothermic nature of the Cr(VI) adsorption was confirmed by the thermodynamic parameters. The study has shown that the waste leaves can be used as an effective adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

新疆准噶尔铁线莲不同部位总黄酮提取工艺的研究

采用分光光度法,以芦丁为标准样品测定新疆准噶尔铁线莲不同部位中的总黄酮的含量,采用正交试验设计对其不同部位中总黄酮提取工艺进行最佳筛选,四种因素对不同部位总黄酮含量测定均有影响,分别得到的最佳提取工艺条件为:茎:乙醇浓度50%,温度50℃,浸提时间3h,料液比1:50,吸光度0.270;叶:乙醇浓度60%,温度70℃,浸提时间3h,料液比1:30,吸光度0.562。花:乙醇浓度50%,温度60℃,时间2h,料液比1:50,吸光度0.480;果实:乙醇浓度60%,温度70℃,浸提时间3h,料液比1:40,吸光度0.365。     

远志多糖对力竭运动小鼠体内抗疲劳和体外抗氧化作用研究

为了探讨远志多糖的体内、外活性，采用力竭运动动物模型，给予受试动物低、中、高剂量（0.10、0.20、0.40 mg/g·d）远志多糖后，分别测定各组动物负重游泳时间、肝糖原、肌糖原、乳酸、尿素氮含量及乳酸脱氢酶的活力和体外抗氧化活性。结果表明，与空白对照组相较，低、中、高剂量的远志多糖分别延长小鼠的负重游泳时间96.6 s （P<0.05）、254.4 s （P<0.01）和421.8 s （P<0.01），肝糖原含量分别提高13.1%（P<0.05）、37.4%（P<0.01）和56.4%（P<0.01），肌糖原含量分别提高10.8%（P<0.05）、31.2%（P<0.01）和42.0%（P<0.01），运动后乳酸含量分别下降4.6%（P<0.05）、8.6%（P<0.01）和14.5%（P<0.01），尿素氮含量分别降低1.5%（P<0.05）、3.9%（P<0.01）和7.5%（P<0.01），乳酸脱氢酶活力分别提高10.4%（P<0.01）、14.0%（P<0.01）和19.9%（P<0.01）。当远志多糖浓度为4 mg/mL时，对羟基自由基清除率和DPPH自由基的清除率分别为61.3%和79.5%，表明远志多糖有助于缓解机体疲劳，且体外抗氧化性较好。