论高校计算机实验室在大学生创新实践能力培养中的作用

在计算机及其网络已经相当普及的今天,如何在计算机专业的教学中,利用各高校现有计算机实验室资源来突出对学生创新实践能力的培养,造就一批适应社会和学科飞速发展要求的优秀人才就显得十分急迫。本文就高校计算机实验室在大学生创新实践能力培养中所起的作用进行了一些有益地探讨,并提出了一些个人看法。     

民间陶瓷的现实意义

中国民间陶瓷流传远久,传递着中华大地自然的禀赋与历史的繁荣,不论造型结构、式样,或是装饰题材、内容,都是现代陶瓷艺术可借鉴的经验与成果,将民间陶瓷文化的视觉信息符号或元素融入现代陶瓷艺术之中,使民间的陶瓷语言转换为现代陶瓷艺术的话语应是当下陶艺创作的思考方向。     

Expertise and Intuition: A Tale of Three Theories

Several authors have hailed intuition as one of the defining features of expertise. In particular, while disagreeing on almost anything that touches on human cognition and artificial intelligence, Hubert Dreyfus and Herbert Simon agreed on this point. However, the highly influential theories of intuition they proposed differed in major ways, especially with respect to the role given to search and as to whether intuition is holistic or analytic. Both theories suffer from empirical weaknesses. In this paper, we show how, with some additions, a recent theory of expert memory (the template theory) offers a coherent and wide-ranging explanation of intuition in expert behaviour. It is shown that the theory accounts for the key features of intuition: it explains the rapid onset of intuition and its perceptual nature, provides mechanisms for learning, incorporates processes showing how perception is linked to action and emotion, and how experts capture the entirety of a situation. In doing so, the new theory addresses the issues problematic for Dreyfus’s and Simon’s theories. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

怎样培养学生的体育意识及能力

要实现终身体育的教育目标 ,学校应加强学生的体育意识及能力培养。可以通过开展选项教学、有意识地培养学生体育需要和加强体育理论基本知识等教学活动 ,来不断增强学生的体育意识和能力。     

A robotic intelligent wheelchair system based on obstacle avoidance and navigation functions

Abstract. David Chalmers argues that a materialist theory of mind is in principle unattainable because consciousness does not logically supervene on the physical. In order to demonstrate this, he needs to make a convincing case for the conceptual possibility of zombies. His position, however, is rather tenuous due to the paradoxical nature of phenomenal judgments (among other things). That is, the fact that zombies would have to talk about consciousness and conscious experience may render them inconceivable. It is argued that this paradox is indeed fatal to his position, because zombies will never make meaningful phenomenal judgments.     

Science and animal welfare in France and European Union: Rules,constraints, achievements

The welfare of food-producing animals is a focus of public debate in Europe. Political institutions, have introduced regulations based on scientific data. Meanwhile, the practices of producers and transformers were modified. Implementation of care practices is added to the goal of sustainable basic health of animals. Nevertheless urban consumers still look for the “naturalness” of living animals. A brief historical perspective introduces the building process of European regulations. A short list of Directories and Recommendations provides a clue on the complexity of resulting construct. Now, this complexity is calling for simplification of rules while practices should be compatible with professional constraints. Few selected examples are brought to illustrate how the concepts initially studied by scientists (welfare, pain, stress, “consciousness”/awareness) were integrated in regulations and implemented by producers and meat industry in order to simultaneously maintain the requirements for high quality and security standards. At the same time, free trade market constraints introduced new distortions, in particular those linked to the world demand for proteins. Indeed, the controversy about animal welfare, initially brought on ethical grounds, became a case for ongoing adjustements of EU policy, requesting to combine scientific knowledge on animals, consequent evolution in the representation of animals by urban consumers with the challenge of adaptation and implemention of regulations.     

Producing mind

Those who support a computationalist view of the mind tend to hold that it must apply to all aspects of mentality. This view is called computational universalism. An apparently opposed perception-phenomenal universalism-is that consciousness is at the root of all mental processes. Computationalists tend to cognitivize, or otherwise play down, phenomenal consciousness. The recent book by David Chalmers proposes one way to take both computation and phenomenal consciousness seriously. A different way is explored here, which avoids the commitment to a non-materialist ontology of consciousness in Chalmers' position. This alternative approach rejects universalism of both the computational and the phenomenal kinds. Instead a pluralistic view of mind is proposed. Cognitive and phenomenal aspects of mind are to be taken as equally fundamental and as complementary. Cognitive or productive aspects of mind have their own kind of reality which is independent of consciousness. Semantic content may well result from the combination of cognitive productivity and consciousness. The view proposed offers solutions to old problems affecting computational accounts.     

从方位词看中国传统空间规划观念的意蕴——“社会—方位”图式及其意义分析简

对汉字单纯方位词造字意象进行分析,明确了方位中隐含的身体和自然观念,对运用方位词表述社会关系和表述空间关系的词语进行分析,尝试总结出我国传统社会中空间规划所遵循的社会关系与空间方位之间相对应的原则,概括为＂社会一方位＂图式,并分析其所具有的集体意识的内涵。     

居室装饰风格浅析

本文阐述了居室的审美形式及与现实生活的关系,介绍了中国传统装饰风格与民族风格、国外现代风格等的主要装饰特点和内容。     

乡土再造：共同缔造过程中建筑学语言的表达 — —以青海省湟中县黑城村共同缔造实践为例

在“脱贫攻坚”和“乡村振兴”的政 策背景下,城市资本与城镇发展目光逐渐向 乡村转移,乡村建设的实践活动逐渐增多,但 是资本投入所实现的效益却不尽人意,建筑 师介入乡村的美好愿景与现实状况也相去甚 远。通过重读“建筑学语言”的内涵,发现在 乡村建设过程中需要多层次多维度的眼光去 审视乡村,由此解读出“乡土再造”的具体内 涵。从乡村建设实践的实际状况来看,正是 由于“再造内容理解片面、再造主体认识混 淆”等问题的普遍存在,才导致乡村建筑学 语言的“失语”和生长停滞。通过回顾青海省 湟中县黑城村共同缔造实践,印证了乡土再 造不仅仅是乡村物质空间实体的再造,最根 本是乡村底层集体思维的再造,而在此过程中,乡土再造的主体是村民自己,“设计师介入乡村”应当扮演“参与者”的角色,通过驻场设计 引导的方式融入到当地乡土建筑学语言的底层集体思维中,如此引导乡村自发修补的集体意识 才是乡村生长的动力之源,并能形成一种可持续的乡村建设模式。