ICP-AES法测定废水中七种元素

取废水 5 0ml,加入 1mlHNO3 ,在电炉上消化之后 ,过滤进 5 0ml比色管中 ,直接用ICP -AES法对Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn、As、Be等元素进行定量分析     

广西德保铝土矿矿石加工技术性能研究

广西德保铝土矿属于岩溶堆积型矿床。马隘矿段的矿石含泥量比较高,通过对洗矿尾矿的测定,证明其可洗性能较好,并绘制了洗矿尾矿沉降速度曲线图。根据高压拜耳法溶出试验结果,分析了矿石溶出率的影响因素,认为洗矿工艺能提高矿石的溶出率,可满足矿山工业生产要求。     

A modeling approach to describe ZVI-based anaerobic system

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is increasingly being added into anaerobic reactors to enhance the biological conversion of various less biodegradable pollutants (LBPs). Our study aimed to establish a new structure model based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) to simulate such a ZVI-based anaerobic reactor. Three new processes, i.e., electron release from ZVI corrosion, H₂ formation from ZVI corrosion_, and transformation of LBPs, were integrated into ADM1. The established model was calibrated and tested using the experimental data from one published study, and validated using the data from another work. A good relationship between the predicted and measured results indicates that the proposed model was appropriate to describe the performance of the ZVI-based anaerobic system. Our model could provide more precise strategies for the design, development, and application of anaerobic systems especially for treating various LBPs-containing wastewaters.     

Sewage sludge digestion at increased micropollutant content

Research was conducted, which aim was to evaluate quantitative and qualitative PCB changes in sewage sludge during mesophilic digestion, and the influence of those compound concentration above acceptable level (1.9 mg kg⁻¹ of sludge dry matter), also nickel and cadmium ions, on mesophilic digestion process. Before and after the digestion, concentration of seven PCB congeners, Ni and Cd in particular chemical fractions of the sludge was analyzed.     

Isolation and characterization of natural Ara h 6: evidence for a further peanut allergen with putative clinical relevance based on resistance to pepsin digestion and heat

Peanut allergy is a significant health problem because of its prevalence and the potential severity of the allergic reaction. The characterization of peanut allergens is crucial to the understanding of the mechanism of peanut allergy. Recently, we described cloning of the peanut allergen Ara h 6. The aim of this study was isolation and further characterization of nAra h 6. We purified nAra h 6 from crude peanut extract using gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. The preparation was further characterized by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) with subsequent immunoblotting. Stability of nAra h 6 was studied by an in vitro digestibility assay as well as by resistance against thermal processing. Sequencing of nAra h 6 identified the N-terminal amino acid sequence as MRRERGRQGDSSS. Further results clearly demonstrated stability of nAra h 6 against pepsin digestion and heating. Immunoglobulin G (IgE) binding analysis and its biological activity shown by RBL 25/30-test of natural Ara h 6 supported the importance of this peanut allergen. Investigation of nAra h 6 revealed evidence for a further peanut allergen with putative clinical relevance based on resistance to pepsin digestion and heat.     

Comparison of the relative recovery of polyphenolics in two fruit extracts from a model of degradation during digestion and metabolism

To simulate the effects of digestion and metabolism on the survival of different polyphenolic compounds, extracts of blueberry and apple were deglycosylated by acid hydrolysis, followed by enzymic glucuronidation under neutral conditions, yielding approximately 5% overall recovery of polyphenolics. The major polyphenolics before and after the treatment were compared, to estimate which species are likely to be present in the intestinal lumen, undegraded and available for absorption, after consumption of the fruit. Whereas blueberry extract consisted predominantly of anthocyanins, epicatechin and caffeoyl quinate esters, the major components of the treated extract were quercetin glucuronides and (unglucuronidated) caffeoyl quinates, with only traces of anthocyanidin derivatives. In apple extract, compositional changes were less marked, but caffeoyl quinates, procyanidins and quercetin were enriched at the expense of caffeic acid, epicatechin and catechin. Hydrophobic compounds like phloretin and quercetin were extensively glucuronidated, whereas caffeic acid and caffeoyl quinate were not. These results suggest that the major polyphenolic components of a fruit are not necessarily the most important contributors to any health benefits because the polyphenolic composition in the intestinal lumen and consequently, in the circulation, may be considerably different.     

Microbially mediated phosphine emission

There is still a lot of controversy in literature concerning the question whether a biochemical system exists enabling micro-organisms to reduce phosphate to phosphine gas. The search for so-called 'de novo synthesised' phosphine is complicated by the fact that soils, slurries, sludges, etc., which are often used as inocula, usually contain matrix bound phosphine (MBP). Matrix bound phosphine is a general term used to indicate non-gaseous reduced phosphorus compounds that are transformed into phosphine gas upon reaction with bases or acids. A study was carried out to compare the different digestion methods, used to transform matrix bound phosphine into phosphine gas. It was demonstrated that caustic and acidic digestion methods should be used to measure the matrix bound phosphine of the inoculum prior to inoculation to avoid false positive results concerning de novo synthesis. This is especially true if anthropogenically influenced inocula possibly containing minute steel or aluminium particles are used. The comparative study on different digestion methods also revealed that the fraction of phosphorus in mild steel, converted to phosphine during acid corrosion depended on the temperature. Following these preliminary studies, anaerobic growth experiments were set up using different inocula and media to study the emission of phosphine gas. Phosphine was detected in the headspace gases and its quantity and timeframe of emission depended on the medium composition, suggesting microbially mediated formation of the gas. The amount of phosphine emitted during the growth experiments never exceeded the bound phosphine present in inocula, prior to inoculation. Hence, de novo synthesis of phosphine from phosphate could not be demonstrated. Yet, microbially mediated conversion to phosphine of hitherto unknown reduced phosphorus compounds in the inoculum was evidenced.     

微波消解/ICP-AES法测定含高钨钴基合金中的硼

采用微波消解/ICP-AES法测定高钨钴基合金中硼元素。通过实验探讨了高钨钴基合金中基体元素,主量元素如铬、钨、钼等对硼元素分析谱线的光谱干扰情况,确定了合适的分析谱线。方法的线性范围为0～8mg/L,检出限为0.00013%。根据高钨钴基合金中共存元素的含量范围,进行了加入回收实验和精密度、准确度实验,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.56%～15.0%,回收率为87.9%～100.0%。测量结果满足分析要求。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定化妆品中五种微量元素

本文以Sc、Ge、In、Re内标校正体系,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对化妆品中As、Pb、Hg、Cd和Cr五种微量元素进行同时测定,通过对三种化妆品的加标回收试验,建立了化妆品中As、Pb、Hg、Cd和Cr五种微量元素含量的ICP-MS分析方法,Hg所采用线性范围为0～10ng/ml,其它元素所采用线性范围为0～500ng/ml,各元素校正方程的线性相关系数均大于0.9996,各元素检出限均小于0.1ng/mL、测定五种元素的相对标准偏差均小于10%,各元素的加标回收率在84.1%～107.9%。实验表明:该法操作简单、快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,而且能够对五种微量元素进行同时测定,大大提高了检测效率。     

A viewpoint on the gastrointestinal fate of cellulose nanocrystals

BackgroundCellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) particles possess unique functional properties such as vastly modifiable surface, considerable mechanical strength and acid resistance, as well as, high aspect ratio. CNCs have received great attention for application in diverse fields of technology including (composite) hydrogels fabrication for the gastric protection and enteral delivery of drugs and nutraceuticals.Scope and approachThe orogastrointestinal digestibility and absorbability of the orally administered CNCs is overviewed in the current article. At first, some surface charge-related characteristics of acid-isolated CNCs are communicated. Then, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of CNCs and CNC-reinforced hydrogels are reviewed, followed by presenting credible digestion and absorption scenarios. Finally, the post-absorption metabolism of CNCs is briefly debated.Key findings and conclusionsBacterial cellulose shows good biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. CNC oxidation provides biologically beneficial impacts; for instance, the TEMPO- and periodate-oxidized CNCs have been shown to regulate some blood metabolic variables and improve the degradability in simulated human blood plasma, respectively. Spherical and carboxyl-bearing cellulose nanoparticles can be isolated through ammonium persulfate digestion. The sphericity of particles results in faster cellular uptake. Negatively-charged CNCs are non-mucoadhesive and thus upon ingestion can penetrate into the buccal and intestinal mucosa. One may augment the absorption of CNCs by targeted receptor-mediated endocytosis. It was postulated that sodium bicarbonate secretion into the duodenum can alter CNCs surface chemistry and influence CNC interaction with gut microbiota.