IEA joint trials: New lessons from old plantations

Two international trials of potential biomass species families and clones planted in 1985 have been analyzed to determine changing patterns in growth, diseases, and insects. In the Swedish trial, with close spacing and short rotations, Salix viminalis clones gave the best average yield of 17.4 Mg/Ha/yr on the first coppice rotation. In the Minnesota, USA trial, with wider spacings and a longer rotation Populus alba hybrid clones gave the best average yields of 5.5 Mg/Ha/yr. The most important disease and insect problems encountered were Septoria musiva stem cankers on some Populus clones; frost die back in some Salix clones; and the leaf blotch miner, Fenusa dohrnii, on most Alnus families. Recommendations for future international cooperation in field trials are presented.     

Is the association between temperature and mortality modified by age, gender and socio-economic status?

Background

A number of studies have examined the relationship between high ambient temperature and mortality. Recently, concern has arisen about whether this relationship is modified by socio-demographic factors. However, data for this type of study is relatively scarce in subtropical/tropical regions where people are well accustomed to warm temperatures.

Objective

To investigate whether the relationship between daily mean temperature and daily all-cause mortality is modified by age, gender and socio-economic status (SES) in Brisbane, Australia.

Methods

We obtained daily mean temperature and all-cause mortality data for Brisbane, Australia during 1996-2004. A generalised additive model was fitted to assess the percentage increase in all deaths with every one degree increment above the threshold temperature. Different age, gender and SES groups were included in the model as categorical variables and their modification effects were estimated separately.

Results

A total of 53,316 non-external deaths were included during the study period. There was a clear increasing trend in the harmful effect of high temperature on mortality with age. The effect estimate among women was more than 20 times that among men. We did not find an SES effect on the percent increase associated with temperature.

Conclusions

The effects of high temperature on all deaths were modified by age and gender but not by SES in Brisbane, Australia.     

烟草病虫无公害防治技术研究进展

简要介绍了无公害的概念及有害生物综合治理的概况。对病虫的预测预报 ,抗病虫基因的利用 ,微生物农药、植物源农药、生化农药的研究与应用 ,天敌的利用 ,培育及选用抗病虫品种等无公害防治技术进行了综述。并提出了加强烟草病虫害的发生及流行规律研究 ,完善预测预报网络建设 ,制定无公害烟叶生产规程 ,建立无公害生产基地等若干建议     

大豆膳食纤维防治“现代生活方式疾病”的实验验证

膳食纤维摄入不足是心脑血管疾病、肥胖病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤等"现代生活方式疾病"的重要成因之一,但上述现象并未引起国人重视。本文以我国资源丰富的大豆膳食纤维为试材,通过动物实验验证大豆膳食纤维在防治"现代生活方式疾病"方面的特殊功效。     

中国罕见病研究的现状与未来

罕见病是人类社会发展的沉重负担,对罕见病进行深入研究具有重要的社会意义和科学价值。中国人口基数巨大,为罕见病研究提供了广阔资源,同时也带来了巨大挑战。既往中国在罕见病领域取得了众多成就,同时也面临着研究力量分散、资源整合缺乏等问题。随着政府部门、学术机构、研究团体及个人对罕见病研究的重视及参与,中国罕见病研究正朝着协作、创新方向发展。未来的中国罕见病研究将从多个方面推进,为中国及世界应对罕见病挑战作出贡献。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland in patients with secondary hypogonadism due to transfusional hemochromatosis

To identify pituitary iron overload in patients with transfusional hemochromatosis causing secondary hypogonadism, we prospectively evaluated signal intensity abnormalities of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland of 18 patients affected by transfusion-dependent thalassemia major and secondary hypogonadism. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is useful to assess pituitary iron overload in patients with transfusional hemochromatosis and secondary hypogonadism by detection of a significant decreased signal intensity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland on GRE T2^*-weighted images. The decreased signal intensity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland on GRE T2^*-weighted images was correlated to increasing serum ferritin level (r=−0.84,r ²=−0.70,P<0.001). Indeed, the lower the signal intensity of the pituitary gland the greater the serum ferritin level. However an exact quantification of pituitary iron overload by correlation with serum ferritin level is not allowed. No correlation was found between MR imaging results and hormonal status; however, the detection of pituitary iron overload on GRE T2^*-weighted images is consistent with the hypothesis of hypogonadotrophic pituitary insufficiency due to iron-induced cellular damage.     

山西省出生缺陷高发地区育龄妇女膳食组成及营养素研究

目的了解山西省出生缺陷高发地区育龄妇女的膳食结构和营养状况,为营养改善工作提供依据。方法随机抽取山西省中阳、交口、柳林3个县218名18～45岁育龄妇女为研究对象,采用食物频率法进行调查,并以中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量为标准,评价膳食能量和各种营养素摄入状况。结果调查对象膳食结构以粮谷类和蔬菜类为主,约占食物总摄入量的75%左右;动物性食物摄入普遍不足,仅占膳食组成的11%左右。微量营养素钙、锌、叶酸、维生素B2和维生素A的缺乏较为严重;产能营养素供能比例失调。结论山西省出生缺陷高发地区育龄妇女膳食结构不合理,微量营养素摄入普遍不足。     

河西地区甜菜主要病虫害发生及无公害防治

对甘肃河西走廊地区甜菜主要病虫害的发生进行汇总,提出适宜的无公害防治措施,为河西地区甜菜产业的健康发展提供技术参考。     

黑白照片常见病害及预防措施探讨

黑白照片是一类极其重要的近现代实景档案,由于其制成材料的特性和环境的影响,在保存过程中发生了银镜、霉变、影像模糊、乳剂层明胶疏松酥粉等病害,使相当部分濒临自毁。针对上述严峻形势,本文从黑白照片的结构及其组成材料入手,介绍黑白照片档案出现的常见病害及其预防保护措施。     

Exploring the Antiplasmodial 2-Aminopyridines as Potential Antitrypanosomal Agents

Recently we reported the results of a screen of the Pathogen Box in which we identified 4-(2-amino-5-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl) pyridin-3-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (MMV010576, 1 ) as our priority antitrypanosomal hit. This compound had previously been identified as a potent and selective antiplasmodial agent, where a focused optimization campaign, resulted in a medium-sized library of compounds, with favorable drug-like properties, one of which (MMV048, 2 , 5-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-6′-(trifluoromethyl)-[3,3′-bipyridin]-2-amine) is currently undergoing clinical trials for malaria. Accordingly, we investigated this library, in order to elucidate structural activity relationship details of this class of compounds as inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei. Our study has identified several structural features important for antitrypanosomal activity, which are distinct from those required for antiplasmodial activity. Results from this study can be exploited to develop potent antitrypanosomal agents.