Application of lysine, taurine, disodium inosinate and disodium guanylate in fermented cooked sausages with 50% replacement of NaCl by KCl

The effects of 50% replacement of NaCl by KCl and addition of the amino acids lysine and taurine and the 5'-ribonucleotide disodium inosinate and disodium guanylate on some sensory and physicochemical parameters of fermented cooked sausages were evaluated. The partial replacement of NaCl by KCl did not alter the manufacturing process; however, defects in the sensory quality were detected. Lysine at a concentration of 0.313% and a mixture of taurine (750 mg/kg) with disodium inosinate (300 mg/kg) and disodium guanylate (300 mg/kg) reduced the sensory defects caused by KCl, allowing the fermented cooked sausages to be elaborated with reduced sodium content and high sensory quality.     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯（4）醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐的合成与性能研究

考察了壬基酚聚氧乙烯（４） 醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐的合成工艺条件,并测定其表面化学性能。最佳合成工艺条件：ｎ（ 酚醚）∶ｎ（ 顺酐） ＝ １∶１ ．０５ ,酯化温度１２０ ℃,酯化时间４．０ ｈ ,ｎ（ 顺酐）∶ｎ（ 亚硫酸钠） ＝ １∶１．０５ ,磺化温度８０ ℃,时间２ ．０ ｈ;整个反应在氮气保护下进行,终产物得率＞ ９６ ％ 。产物主要表面化学性能：临界表面张力２ ．９５×１０ － ２ Ｎ·ｍ －１ ,临界胶束浓度７ ．９４ ×１０－ ４ ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ ,钙皂分散力ＬＳＤＰ为３２ ％ ,乳化性能２ ．４８ ｍｉｎ ,去污力９０ｓ。     

采用纳滤技术回收粗母液中的肌苷酸钠

选择合适分子量的纳滤膜 ,对肌苷酸粗母液进行浓缩、脱盐 ,处理后的母液套用于肌苷酸纳的结晶过程 ,从而可以回收粗母液中的肌苷酸钠。     

油炸小食品中乙二胺四乙酸二钠的高效液相色谱法测定

目的文中建立一种测定油炸食品中乙二胺四乙酸二钠的液相色谱检测方法。方法油炸小食品经无水乙醚除油并挥去乙醚,水萃取,加入氯化铜溶液及抗坏血酸溶液形成Cu-EDTA络合物。色谱分离时使用C18分析柱,甲醇、四正丁基溴化铵缓冲液为流动相,梯度洗脱,245nm波长检测。结果该方法线性范围20.00μg·ml^-1~400.00μg·ml^-1,相关系数r：0.9999,检出限6.5mg·kg^-1,定量限21mg·kg^-1。回收率：93.7~100.7%;精密度：RSD60.2%。结论该方法的准确性和精密度满足检测要求需要。     

Effect of chelating salt type on casein hydration and fat emulsification during manufacture and post-manufacture functionality of imitation cheese

Imitation cheese (50% moisture) was manufactured in a Farinograph using different ratios of disodium orthophosphate (DSP) and trisodium citrate (TSC) as chelating or emulsifying salts (ES). The ES:casein ratio was kept constant at 0.2549 mol ES/kg casein. The effects of DSP:TSC ratio on cheese manufacture and post-manufacture functional properties were investigated. Hardness, assessed by texture profile analysis, heat-induced flowability and dynamic rheology were studied. Microstructural analyses were performed using light and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the DSP:TSC ratio from 0:1 to 1:0 caused a decrease in processing times (from ∼18 to 12 min) and lowering of the final mixing torque values (from ∼180 to 20 F.U.) and, post-manufacture led to a decrease in cheese hardness (from ∼360 to 165 N) and G′ values at 25 °C (from ∼81 to 38 kPa) and to increased cheese fat globule size (from ∼8 to 32 μm). The results suggest that changing the ratio of DSP:TSC may be used to alter cheese properties, but both ES are needed for optimum functionality.     

INHIBITION OF CORROSION OF CAST IRON BY NITRITE,HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE,AND MOLYBDATE IONS IN CORROSIVE WATER

The inhibitive action of nitrite, hydrogen phosphate, and molybdate ions at various concentrations on cast iron under different experimental conditions like period of immersion, temperature, and flow velocities in corrosive water were studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods. Molybdate ions show a maximum inhibition efficiency relative to other inhibitors. The plot of log θ/1???θ versus log C is a straight line, which shows that the inhibitor obey the Langmuir adsorption's isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters like activation energy, heat of adsorption, free energy of adsorption, and entropy of adsorption were computed along with the kinetic parameters like open circuit potential (OCP), corrosion current (I_corr), Tafel slopes (β_c, β_a), Tafel constant (β) and corrosion rate.     

NEAR INFRARED ELECTROCHROMIC VARIABLE OPTICAL ATTENUATOR FABRICATED BY LAYER-BY-LAYER ASSEMBLY

An electrochromic variable optical attenuator (ECVOA) was fabricated by layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of disodium N,N-bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)naphthalenedicarboximide (Naph-SO3Na) and common cationic polymer poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA). The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the multilayer films revealed that approximately an equal amount of Naph-SO3Na was assembled in each deposition cycle. Upon one-electron reduction, multilayer films exhibited intense absorption around 452 nm and also a broad absorption band from 1200 nm to 1900 nm. Owing to the improved ionic conductivity, the optical attenuation at 1550 nm of the films showed rapid response time and reached 1.3 dB/μm within 5 s. These results indicate that layer-by-layer assembly could be an effective method for the preparation of ECVOA operating in near infrared region.     

Surface Chemical Properties and Micellization of Disodium Hexadecyl Diphenyl Ether Disulfonate in Aqueous Solution

The surface tension of disodium hexadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate (C₁₆‐MADS) was measured at different NaCl concentrations (0.00–0.50 mol L^?1) and temperatures (298.0–318.0 K) using the drop‐volume method. The results show that, with increasing temperature, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of C₁₆‐MADS increases slightly, but the maximum surface adsorption capacity (Γ_max) at the air–water interface decreases. When the concentration of NaCl was increased from 0.00 to 0.50 mol L^?1, the CMC of C₁₆‐MADS decreased from 1.45 × 10^?4 to 4.10 × 10^?5 mol L^?1, but the surface tension at the CMC (γ_cmc) was not affected. When the concentration of NaCl was increased at 298.0 and 303.0 K, the Γ_max of C₁₆‐MADS increased. When the temperature was increased from 308.0 to 318.0 K, the surface excess concentration (Γ_max) of C₁₆‐MADS abnormally decreased from 2.26 to 1.41 μmol m^?2 with increasing NaCl concentration. The micellization free energy () decreased from ?63.98 to ?76.20 kJ mol^?1 with increase of temperature and NaCl concentration. The micellar aggregation number (N_m) of disodium hexadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate (C₁₆‐MADS) was determined using the molecule fluorescence probe method with pyrene as probe and benzophenone as quencher. The results show that an appropriate N_m could be measured only at surfactant concentration above the CMC. The N_m increased with an increase in C₁₆‐MADS concentration, but the micropolarity in the micelle nucleus decreased. The temperature had little effect on N_m. Compared with typical single hydrophilic headgroup surfactants, aggregates of C₁₆‐MADS exhibit different properties.     

直接法制备N-十六烷基琥珀酸酰胺磺酸钠

考察了N-十六烷基琥珀酸酰胺磺酸钠(SNSS)的合成工艺条件,得到较佳工艺条件为:n(十六胺)∶n(顺酐)=1.00∶1.10,于135℃下酰胺化反应90 min。n(亚硫酸钠)∶n(顺酐)=1.05∶1.00,于90℃下磺化反应5 h。测得产物的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、乳化力、钙皂分散力、耐硬水力分别为38.5×10-3N/m、3.22×10-3mol/L、6.10 min、30%和3.04 min。测试其在洗毛中的应用性能。与十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠进行性能对比,表明SNSS表面张力、临界胶束浓度小,乳化力、钙皂分散力强,白度和松散度好。     

Solubility of disodium 5′-guanylate heptahydrate in aqueous methanol mixtures

The solubility of disodium 5′-guanylate heptahydrate (5′-GMPNa₂) in binary aqueous methanol solvent mixtures with the temperature ranging from 278.15 to 323.15 K was measured by a dynamic method with a laser monitoring observation technique. The solubility data were correlated with the Combined Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent/Redlich–Kister (CNIBS/R–K) model and the modified Jouyban–Acree model, respectively. For the ten groups of data studied, the CNIBS/R–K model was found to provide a more accurate mathematical representation of the experimental data, while the modified Jouyban–Acree model containing provisions for correlating both the solvent composition and temperature.