Ecological Planting Imperative: Functional Systems,Not Stylized Ecologies

The ability of landscape architectural projects to mitigate the worst effects of climate change will depend upon designed ecological systems. These systems will be built with plants. Despite the recognition of ecology as an essential driver of landscapes, the professionals of landscape architecture too often lack the knowledge and practical skills to create robust vegetative systems. New approaches and tools are required. This article outlines principles and methods for designing biodiverse plant systems for urban sites. Planting methods that increase species richness, functional diversity, and spatial complexity are emphasized as a way of developing more resilient plantings. Selecting species with similar evolutionary adaptions to stress, disturbance, and competition—as well as creating multi-layered compositions of diverse plant morphologies—allows designers to create compatible, long-lived plant mixes. To balance the increased visual complexity of diverse plant mixes, the article explores design techniques to make plantings more appealing to the public. The strategies explored here are based on the projects, experience, and research of Phyto Studio, a Washington, D.C. based studio. The methods build on work described in the author’s book, Planting in a Post-Wild World, an exploration of how to create designed plant communities.     

中低品位硅钙质胶磷矿富集技术探讨

过去的正反浮选工艺具有产生的磷精矿中MgO含量低，产品脱水性能好的优点，但选矿成本较高，直接经济效益不显著，为此对“矿浆无需加温”、正浮选作业“无碱”、“无碳酸盐抑制剂”、反浮选“无需添加磷酸”的“四无”正反浮选新工艺进行了研究，结果表明：该新工艺具有技术指标先进，选矿成本低的优点。     

浓香型瓶装酒库存过程中理化指标的变化

经过对1996年及1999年灌装的种子牌系列浓香型白酒的理化指标检测，发现在贮存过程中理化指标变化很大，总酸，固形物呈上升趋势，总酯，己酸乙酯呈下降趋势,其升降幅度与贮存时间相关，时间越长变化越大，贮存3年的高低度5个样平均总酸上升18．2％，28度样总酸上升28．3％，50度样总酸仅上升11％，固形物平均上升39．2％，28度样上升43％，50度样上升18％，总酯平均下降24％，28度样下降34％，50度样下降31％，己酸己酯平均下降32．4％，28度样下降59％，50度样下降32％，贮存6年的5个样总酸平均上升39．8％，28度样上升52％，50度样上升41％，固形物平均上升71．8％，28度样上升635＜50度样上升77％，总酯平均下降42．4％，28度样下降54％，50度样下降31％，己酸乙酯平均下降51．8％，28度样下降69％，50度样下32%.     

石油测井仪器可靠性指标探讨

在分析常用可靠性指标及其应用现状的基础上，根据可靠性理论及石油测井仪器的特点。提出了石油测井仪器的可靠性模型。在探讨常用可靠性指标对石油测井仪器适用性的同时，提出将平衡稳定工作时间NWTURE和免维修测井井次NOLWNM作为石油测井仪器可靠性指标的思想；探讨了获取可靠性指标的途径。给出了推荐使用的石油测井仪器可靠性指标。     

施肥模型研究综述

对施肥模型和参数研究的历史、现状和趋势进行了综述,并指出今后定量施肥研究的关键问题。     

冬瓜山铜矿初步设计概算编制的几点体会

简述初步设计概算重要性,结合冬瓜山铜矿概算编制的实例,总结了编制初步设计概算的几点体会。     

Multi-Reservoir System Optimization using Chlorophyll-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis> Trophic Indexes

The problem of managing water scarcity by resorting to complex interconnected multi-source water systems needs to utilize management optimization techniques analyzing aspects of water quantity and quality in a common strategy. In the southern regions of Mediterranean Europe, the greater part of water resources for supply systems are derived from artificial reservoirs and water systems can become quite complex since they interconnect several sources and demand centers, as indeed occurs in the Region of Sardinia (Italy). A simplified approach to the requirement to insert water quality aspects in the mathematical optimization model can be achieved by examining the trophic conditions of reservoirs. Trophic State Indexes (TSI) based on Carlson’s (1977) make it possible to insert quality constraints in the water management optimization model also considering complex multi-reservoir and multi-user systems. Model formalization and implementation by the optimization toolkit WARGI (Water Resource system optimization aided by Graphical Interface) (Sechi and Zuddas 2000; Manca et al. 2004; Salis et al. 2005) is illustrated in this paper. The usefulness of a mixed quantity–quality optimization approach has been confirmed by WARGI application to a real multi-reservoir water resources system in southern Sardinia. The optimization model remains computationally efficient dealing with this complex multi-reservoir system and the obtained results can be seen as a reference target in a subsequent simulation phase.     

An approach to the synthesis of qualitative ecological information from aquatic coleoptera communities

A list of 196 Coleoptera taxa, larvae and adults, covering 113 species, was obtained from several surveys of a flood plain of the Rhô river. From published reports and personal experience, each taxon is linked with the modalities of nine environmental and three biological variables. The resulting 12 ecological profiles for 196 taxa are analysed by correspondence analysis. The simultaneous ordination of the taxa and variables allows presentation of the more synthetic correspondence between the Coleoptera and their ecological and biological characteristics. The niche dimensions of the 12 variables tested here are organized along a current-substrate gradient, from stones in rapid flow to mud in still water, which is associated with the other ecological conditions. This ordination reflects environmental conditions in a transverse direction, particularly from the central channel to the furthest annexes of the river. The Coleoptera are shown to be describers of the connectivity with the main channel. The 196 studied taxa are positioned along the gradient. They are subdivided into seven faunal groups based on their habitat range or niche width. The larger species are confined to the stagnant side of the gradient. Other variables, such as feeding and vertical distribution, clearly separate carnivores from herbivores and also larvae from adults. The next step of this study will be to extend these investigations to other functional variables and to all the species of Coleoptera in France. The information given by the Coleoptera will then be compared with actual field measurements.     

谐振式力传感器对其晶振频率稳定度的要求

为了寻找石英晶振频率稳定度对传感器影响的判据,根据石英谐振式力传感器的灵敏度阈值和量程与晶体的相关常数及结构参数间的关系,导出了反映谐振式力传感器研究水平的指标参数与晶体结构参数及晶振频率稳定度之间的关系式,为传感器的研究提供了依据。例如,欲制作量程阈值比达到105量级的传感器,所用晶振的频率稳定度必须优于108。     

近年太钢烧结技术发展回顾与展望

近年来太钢由于烧结技术进步，烧结矿质量不断改善，固体燃耗降低，促进了高炉炉料结构的优化。为高炉技术经济指标提高奠定了基础。