一种多幅图像间的渐变技术

提出了一种图像渐变的新方法，即基于连分式插值Morphing技术。用此方法可以实现多幅不同图像之间的渐变。它是一新的非线性插值算法，与其他算法相比，该方法具有计算精度高、图像过渡平滑、易于编程实现等优点。更重要的是，它还具有信息隐藏的功能。     

The Effect of Ozonation on the Size Fractions of Manganese

Manganese is a commonly found substance in groundwater in Finland. As a powerful oxidant, ozone can be used for the oxidizing of manganese even without raising the pH. The SFS (Finnish Standards Association) standard has set the accepted limit for soluble manganese to 0.45 μm. However, some research papers have used the limit of 30 kD (kilodalton) for soluble manganese. This research concentrates on the size fractions of manganese in four samples of untreated groundwater and in four samples of ozonized groundwater when treated with 0.45 μm, 0.20 μm, 100 kD, 30 kD, and 10 kD filters. In all tests, nearly all manganese contained in raw water penetrated all filters. There were slight variations in the flocculation of manganese in ozonized groundwater; nevertheless, hardly any reduction in manganese levels took place beyond 100 kD. After ozonation, there were two water samples which surpassed the manganese limit of 50 μgl^?1 set for domestic water when the filtration was 0.20 μm and another two samples when the filtration was 100 kD.     

驱油剂石油羧酸盐的研制

本文研究用大庆原油的几种馏份油为原料通过汽相氧化制备驱油剂石油羧酸盐。该驱油剂原料易得、制备工艺简单、成本低廉、界面活性好。作者在活性剂制备中发展了一种“二次抽提”的方法,进一步提高了该种驱油剂的界面活性。     

The development of a cognitive tool for teaching and learning fractions in the mathematics classroom: A design-based study

Two cycles of design-based research of a cognitive tool (CT) for teaching fractions have been completed. Following the success of a quasi-experimental study of the enhanced CT derived from the second cycle of design-based research, this article reports the findings of a pre-test–post-test control group empirical study using the enhanced CT in the classroom. The results indicate that there were no statistically significant differences in learning outcomes between the exploratory learning approach, using the CT, and the traditional direct teaching approach. The CT enabled students to generate a procedural knowledge of adding and subtracting fractions with like and unlike denominators through an exploratory learning process. Teachers asserted that the CT was effective for stimulating reciprocal tutoring among students, and students were enthusiastic about using the CT as an educational tool. Hence, the CT has potential for further development as a tool for promoting collaborative learning in the classroom.     

Phytoplankton,pelagic community and nutrients in a deep oligotrophic alpine lake: ratios as sensitive indicators of the use of P-resources (DRP:DOP:PP and TN:TP:SRSi)

The different use of P-resources between two sites in the deep oligotrophic Traunsee was studied by seasonal and vertical patterns of phytoplankton and nutrients from 12/1997 to 10/1998. The P-resources were evaluated from the proportion between the P-fractions, the dissolved reactive P (DRP), dissolved non-reactive P (DOP) and particulate organic P (PP) and from the stoichiometry between nutrients, the total N (TN), the total P (TP) and soluble reactive Si (SRSi). Significant differences between an inshore site impacted by industrial tailings (Ebensee Bay, EB) and an open water reference site (Viechtau, VI) were evident from vertical profiles of both the P-accumulation (%PP of TP) evaluated by DRP:DOP:PP and the distribution of phytoplankton assessed by Si-exhaustion (TN:TP:SRSi), but not from the seasonal patterns of phytoplankton composition, S:V ratios of the algal community or surface layer nutrient dynamics. Low TP and the stable stratification from May to September triggered the relative accumulation of epilimnetic P at VI as it was evident from both the higher portion of particulate P within TP (%PP of TP) and from the shift towards P-enrichment in nutrient stoichiometry of TN:TP:SRSi. The predominance of around 55-52% algal carbon over bacteria at the surface layer to 20m coincided spatially with the lowest Si content relative to N and P. The disturbances at the impacted site was summarised by: up to 11% less P accumulation by organisms at the surface, no stoichiometric shift towards TP in the epilimnion when compared with deeper layers and a reduction of the trophogenic zone to the top 10m. Reasons for this disturbance are seen in the unstable stratification, turbidity, higher TP and the metazoan dominated food chain. Both triple ratios, DRP:DOP:PP and TN:TP:SRSi, were sensitive indicators of the use of P-resources by plankton communities, while inorganic dissolved fractions (DIN:DRP:SRSi, DIN = dissolved inorganic N) provided only insufficient information on nutrient resources in Traunsee.     

Physical and flow properties of pecan shells—Particle size and moisture effects

Pecan shells are the byproduct of the processing of pecans for human consumption. The potential use of these shells for bioenergy and other value-added applications requires information on the physical and flow properties. These properties are needed for the design of storage, processing and handling equipment. The effects of particle size and moisture content on bulk density, particle density, tap density, compressibility, angle of repose, cohesion, angle of internal friction and flowability were quantified in this study. Equilibrium moisture relations for the shells were also determined at temperatures ranging from 10 to 50 °C. The densities (bulk, particle and tap) significantly decreased and compressibility significantly increased with increases in particle size and moisture content. Increasing the moisture content reduced its flowability from free flowing (flow index of 15.77) at a moisture content of 4.2% (w.b.) to cohesive (flow index 3.14) at a moisture content of 24.6% (w.b.). The cohesive strength of pecan shells also increased with particle size (0.58 to 1.14 kPa) and with moisture content (0.36 to 1.69 kPa). An average angle of internal friction of 41.28° was obtained and was not significantly affected by moisture content and particle size. The angles of repose of pecan shells varied from 33.1 degrees to 46.3 degrees. The equilibrium moisture relation curves for the shells were sigmoidal in shape and showed that pecan shells should be stored at moisture contents of less than 18.03% (w.b.) to minimize microbial activity. The equilibrium moisture relation curves were best predicted by the modified Henderson equation.     

The Fitting of Power Series,Meaning Polynomials,Illustrated on Band-Spectroscopic Data

The prototype of fitting polynomials to equally-spaced data—in which the equalspacing is theoretically precise and the data is accurate to many decimal places—arises in the analysis of band spectra. A hard look at such examples forces us to reexamine our thinking on such diverse issues as: How to formulate such problems, the use of robust/resistant techniques in polynomial regression, which coordinates to use and why, the basic properties of linear least squares, choices in stopping a fit, and improved ways to describe our answers.

Our results and attitudes apply rather directly to other situations where we are fitting a sum of functions of a single variable. When two or more different variables, subject to error, blunder, or omission, underlie the carriers to be considered, regression/fitting problems are likely to need not only the considerations presented here, but others as well. To a varying extent, the same will be true of nonlinear fitting/regression problems.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF KUWAITI CRUDE TBF-FRACTIONS WITH EMPHASIS ON KINEMATIC VISCOSITY - TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR

ABSTRACT

Characterization of Kuwaiti crude oil, has been carried out in terms o API gravity, debutanized gravity, total sulfur content, Reid Vapor pressure ash content, heating value, salt content, viscosity SUS, vanadium content a: V2 O5, pour point and analysis of various metals. The true boiling poinl (TBP) fractions of this crude (IBP - 95^° C, 95 - 205^°C, 205 - 260^° C, 260 - 345^° C and 455^° C⁺;) were also characterized in terms of API gravity, total sulfui content, H₂S content, mercaptans content, molecular weight and elementa analyses for total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. The kinematic viscosity temperature data have been obtained for 95^°C⁺; TBP fractions for a wide range of temperatures.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF KUWAITI CRUDE TBF-FRACTIONS WITH EMPHASIS ON KINEMATIC VISCOSITY - TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR

Characterization of Kuwaiti crude oil, has been carried out in terms o API gravity, debutanized gravity, total sulfur content, Reid Vapor pressure ash content, heating value, salt content, viscosity SUS, vanadium content a: V2 O5, pour point and analysis of various metals. The true boiling poinl (TBP) fractions of this crude (IBP - 95^° C, 95 - 205^°C, 205 - 260^° C, 260 - 345^° C and 455^° C⁺;) were also characterized in terms of API gravity, total sulfui content, H₂S content, mercaptans content, molecular weight and elementa analyses for total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. The kinematic viscosity temperature data have been obtained for 95^°C⁺; TBP fractions for a wide range of temperatures.