超临界CO2萃取小麦胚芽油的研究

用超临界ＣＯ２萃取小麦胚芽油，较一般压榨法及有机溶剂萃取法得到的油品质好，出油率高，且无毒无副作用，经试验研究得到了压力，时间、温度、ＣＯ２流量及物料水分含量等萃取操作的最佳条件，萃取率可达８５％以上，为进一步的奠定了基础。     

微波辅助孵育法富集麦胚多肽的工艺优化

目的 麦胚孵育过程中蛋白酶将蛋白质水解成肽和氨基酸,多肽具有明确的生理活性和营养调节作用。本研究以麦胚为试验原料,采用微波辅助预处理的方法,研究孵育的温度、时间、pH及料液比4种因素对孵育后的蛋白酶活力及多肽含量的影响。 方法 通过单因素和响应曲面试验进行工艺条件优化。 结果 与未进行微波辅助预处理的样品相比,微波辅助处理（600 W, 10 s）能显著提高孵育后样品中的蛋白酶酶活力（约9.4倍）和肽含量（约3.1倍）。经过微波辅助处理后,孵育温度为51.5℃、pH为4.0、时间为6.33 h、料液比为1:7时,蛋白酶活力达最高为3826.24 U/g;孵育温度为45.0 ℃、pH为4.8、时间为8 h、料液比为1:7时,肽含量达最高为262.63 mg/g。 结论 微波辅助处理能有效的激活麦胚孵育液中的内源性蛋白酶活性,促进蛋白水解反应,显著提高孵育后的肽含量。该研究结果为麦胚多肽的制备新工艺开发提供了研究基础。     

Inactivation of Penicillum expansum in sour cherry juice, peach and apricot nectars by pulsed electric fields

Inhibitory effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on Penicillum expansum inoculated into sour cherry juice, apricot and peach nectars were determined based on germination tube elongation, spore germination rate, and light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations in this study. After inoculation of juice/nectar samples with P. expansum spores at the level of 10(5)-10(6)cfu/mL, the samples were processed by bench scale PEF pulse generator as a function of differing electric field strengths (0, 13, 17, 20, 23, 27, 30 and 34kV/cm) and processing times (0, 62, 94, 123, 163, 198 and 218mus). Results revealed that with an increase in electric field strength and processing time, germination tube elongation and spore germination rate were completely inhibited. Light and SEM observations revealed considerable morphological alterations in fungal conidia such as cytoplasmic coagulation, vacuolations, shrinkage and protoplast leakage. PEF processing of juice/nectars was demonstrated to be effective in inactivating P. expansum. To our knowledge, this is the first study confirming the inhibitory effects of PEF on germination tube elongation and spore germination rate of P. expansum in fruit juice/nectars.     

Fatty acid accumulation in the different fractions of the developing corn kernel

In the food industry, the use of the oil is determined by the composition of fatty acids, and this is highly dependent on its natural origin. The fatty acid composition of whole corn kernel was determined in three varieties of corn (Astro, GH2547, and Local). Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in the oil of Astro and Local at all collection dates, whereas it was the major fatty acid in the oil of GH2547 only between 40 and 60 days after pollination (DAP). The fatty acid accumulation in the endosperm, pericarp and germ fractions of the corn kernel during maturation was determined. The accumulation pattern of oil content was different in these three kernel fractions. The highest levels of oil content in the endosperm (2.2%), germ (34.3%) and pericarp (10.8%) fractions were detected at 20, 40 and 30 (DAP), respectively. The fatty acid accumulation patterns were different amongst the analysed kernel parts, indicating a numerous differences between the three corn kernel parts. Throughout the sampling periods, the endosperm fraction was distinguished by the highest and the lowest levels of oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. At all stages of kernel development, the pericarp fraction had the highest levels of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, which has numerous healthy applications. These results may be useful in the understanding of the potential source of the beneficial unsaturated fatty acids amongst the different fractions of the corn kernel during maturation.     

Pressurised solvent extraction of policosanol from wheat straw,germ and bran

Policosanols (PCs) are a group of long chain aliphatic alcohols that have been reported to have low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-lowering properties. Wheat is a good source of these compounds. This study examined the effect of solvent type and temperature on extract yields and PC content and composition in the extracts. Wheat germ, straw and bran samples were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, n-hexane and ethanol at various temperatures ranging from 80 to 125 °C.     

玉米提胚制油工艺及生产技术

介绍了玉米提胚工艺和方法;玉米胚芽油的制取和精炼工艺及生产技术。玉米胚芽是淀粉厂、酒精厂生产的副产品,其中含有含亚油酸较高的食用油脂。经加工可以获得营养丰富的玉米胚芽油和优质的饼粕,从而提高了淀粉厂、酒精厂的经济效益。     

植物蛋白饮料中脂肪含量的测定

对罗兹－哥特里伯法在植物蛋白饮料体系中加以应用的可行性进行了评价，证明上述方法经过适当改良后可用于豆奶等植物蛋白型饮料中脂肪含量的测定。在此基础上，对自制的谷物胚芽饮料产品中的脂肪含量进行了测定。经测定，自制玉米胚芽饮料中的脂肪含量为１．２１３％，自制小麦胚芽饮料中的脂肪含量为０．１６２％。     

^134Cs在小鼠睾丸的滞留过程及其诱发精原细胞染色体畸变

本文研究了＾１３４Ｃｓ在小鼠睾丸内的滞留过程及其所诱发的精原细胞染色体畸变效应。在４７ｄ的观察期内，得出＾１３４Ｃｓ在睾丸内的滞留分数方程可拟合为Ｒ（ｔ）＝０．００４８ｅｘｐ（－０．１３８ｔ），式中Ｒ（ｔ）为溜分数，ｔ为注入后时间（ｄ），由此可得出＾１３４Ｃｓ在睾丸内的半滞留期为５．０２ｄ；＾１３４Ｃｓ可诱发精原细胞２染色体畸变，其畸变类型以染色单体型畸变为主；＾１３４Ｃｓ所致的精原细胞染色体畸变     

利用超临界CO_2技术综合开发大豆胚芽

简要讲述了开发大豆胚芽产品的意义及如何以超临界CO2技术开发大豆胚芽油及富含大豆皂素和大豆异黄酮的产品。