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排序方式: 共有403条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
葡萄栽培品种花芽高节位分化观察研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
在管理良好、植株健壮的条件下,葡萄花芽高节位分化是一个普遍的现象。一年生枝从低节位到高节位均可形成正常的花芽,并能正常开花结果,而且高节位分化花芽对当年的果实品质及次年的花芽分化无不良的影响。合理利用这一特性对促进葡萄幼树早丰产有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
2.
The aim of this study was to determine the tocopherol contents of wine by-products including grape seed, pomace (seed, skin and stem) and bagasse (skin and stem) by using two different extraction methods in order to evaluate the possibilities of them as natural non-polar antioxidants. Cold extraction appeared to give more tocopherol contents in seeds than hot extraction. But hot extraction was found more suitable for pomace and bagasse. α-Tocopherol was the most abundant tocopherol in the grape seed, pomace and bagasse. Although γ- and δ-tocopherols were found in the samples with low concentrations, β-tocopherol was not detected in the samples. Kalecik karası had the highest α and total tocopherol compared to the other cultivars. On the other hand, hot extracted bagasse in all cultivars gave the highest tocopherol contents. As a conclusion, wine by-products, a large scale wastes, can be evaluated both to get natural tocopherol source and to obtain economical gain. 相似文献
3.
《Chemical engineering science》2002,57(18):3831-3838
A semi-batch extraction process of anthocyanins was studied in a packed bed. Methanol was used as solvent and the raw material studied consisted of skins of the tempranillo grape, which was obtained from the pomace from red wine vinification. The results show large diffusional effects due to strong control from the mass transfer. The best results were obtained using a high temperature and a high flow rate. A penetration model is proposed in terms of a bed of spherical particles. The model provides a value for the diffusion coefficient of the solute within the solid matrix. It can be seen that the adjustment of the model is satisfactory and that it is able to predict, to a reasonable extent, the yield of the extraction process. 相似文献
4.
基于叶片形态特征的葡萄品种自动识别 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
葡萄在全世界种植范围较广,葡萄品种识别对葡萄资源统计、新品种鉴定及遗传资源保护都有重要意义。以成熟叶片为基本材料,不变矩、面积、周长、主叶脉长度和叶柄长度等11维特征向量为基础数据,采用叶片特征选择、图像处理、特征值提取、建立分类模型等方法,运用国际葡萄与葡萄酒组织形态分类方法和改进的欧式距离等技术开发一个基于葡萄叶片数字图像的葡萄品种自动识别软件。共测试17种酿酒和3种野生葡萄,识别率达87%。该方法具有自动化、识别速度快、花费低、省时省力等特点,可应用于葡萄病虫害的识别、杂交新品种双亲的判定等。 相似文献
5.
Applications of an oak extract on Petit Verdot grapevines. Influence on grape and wine volatile compounds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ana M. Martínez-Gil Teresa Garde-CerdánAmaya Zalacain Ana I. Pardo-GarcíaM. Rosario Salinas 《Food chemistry》2012
Petit Verdot vineyards were treated at veraison with a commercial aqueous French oak extract in order to determine if the extract’s volatile components can be transferred to grapes and then to wines. Three different formulations (25% (one application), 25% (four applications) and 100%) were tested, together with an eugenol and guaiacol standard solution to better follow their behaviour. The volatile compounds of treated grapes and their wines after alcoholic and malolactic fermentation and after 8 months were analysed by stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SBSE-GC–MS). The results showed that the grapes stored the volatile compounds mainly as non-volatile precursors, and some of these were released after winemaking. In the case of wines, it was possible to distinguish the control versus the ones from vineyard treatments. The different oak extract applications were evident only after alcoholic fermentation sampling, making it very interesting for young wines. 相似文献
6.
Influence of ethanol/water ratio in ultrasound and high‐pressure/high‐temperature phenolic compound extraction from agri‐food waste
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Marco Paini Alessandro A. Casazza Bahar Aliakbarian Patrizia Perego Arianna Binello Giancarlo Cravotto 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2016,51(2):349-358
The valorisation and management of agri‐food waste are currently hot investigation topics which probe the recovery of valuable compounds, such as polyphenols. In this study, high‐pressure/high‐temperature extraction (HPTE) and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) have been used to study the recovery of phenolic compounds from grape marc and olive pomace in hydroalcoholic solutions. The main phenolic compounds in both extracts were identified by HPLC‐DAD. Besides extraction yield (total polyphenol and flavonoid content) and the antiradical power, polyphenol degradation under HPTE and UAE has also been studied. HPTE with ethanol 75% gave higher phenolic extraction yields: 73.8 ± 1.4 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dried matter and 60.0 mg of caffeic acid equivalents per gram of dried matter for grape marc and olive pomace, respectively. In this study, the efficient combination of ethanol/water mixture with HPTE or UAE has been used to enhance the recovery of phenolic compounds from grape marc and olive pomace. HPLC‐DAD showed that UAE prevents phenolic species degradation damage because of its milder operative conditions. 相似文献
7.
The present study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of grape procyanidins and, in particular, their aptitude to establish redox interactions with two important components of the endogenous antioxidant system of muscle tissues, α-tocopherol (α-TOH) and ascorbic acid (AA). To this end, the progress of lipid oxidation was monitored in fish muscle supplemented with grape procyanidins at the concentrations usually employed in antioxidant food applications, and then related to the redox stability of the endogenous α-TOH and AA. In addition to the lipid oxidation protective effect, the incorporation of procyanidins also provided an improvement of the redox stability of the endogenous components in a straight procyanidinic concentration-dependent manner. Results showed the capacity of procyanidins to repair oxidised α-TOH at medium-long term, and to delay the AA depletion. Therefore, such cooperative redox interaction of exogenous procyanidins adequately complements the natural α-TOH regenerative system supplied by AA that is efficient at the early post mortem stages. 相似文献
8.
Ye Ding Xiaoqian Dai Yanfei Jiang Zhaofeng Zhang Lei Bao Yujie Li Feng Zhang Xiaotao Ma Xiaxia Cai Lulu Jing Jiaojiao Gu Yong Li 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2013,57(2):365-369
Although ER stress in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue was reported to be a novel event linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is much less information on this event in skeletal muscle. Some studies indicated that treatment with antioxidants had beneficial effects on ER stress and diabetes. This study focuses on the effects of a strong antioxidant, grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE), on skeletal muscle in diabetic rats induced with low dose streptozotocin‐ and a high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet. After 16 wk of GSPE treatment, diabetic rats showed decreased plasma glucose levels and insulin resistance. The efficacious effect of GSPE was manifested by the amelioration of muscular damage and dysfunction, as observed by histological examination and periodic acid Schiff staining. Concurrently, calcium overload and the abnormal activities of antioxidant enzymes and ATPases in diabetic muscles were partially reversed by GSPE treatment. GSPE also increased the activity of protein kinase B (a mediator of insulin's metabolic action) and partially alleviated severe ER stress. These findings suggest that GSPE may have auxiliary therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus by decreasing oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle. 相似文献
9.
Hong-Seok Son Geum-Sook Hwang Hyuk-Jin Ahn Won-Mok Park Cherl-Ho Lee Young-Shick Hong 《Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)》2009,42(10):1483-1491
1H NMR spectroscopic analysis coupled with multivariate statistical data was used to characterize wines vinified from four grape varieties: Muscat Bailey A (Vitis labrusca), Campbell Early (V. labrusca B.), Kyoho (V. labrusca L.) and Meoru (Vitis coignetiae). Pattern recognition methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), showed clear differentiation between wines made from these grape varieties. Metabolites responsible for the differentiation were identified as 2,3-butanediol, glycerol, malate, citrate, tartrate, succinate, lactate, proline, alanine, choline and trigonelline. The PCA score plot of quantitative analysis of targeted profiling data also showed clear separation between the wines. The highest levels of glycerol, 2,3-butanediol, succinate and alcohol were found in Kyoho wines, suggesting higher sugar content in the Kyoho grape berry compared to other grape varieties. Higher contents of citrate and trigonelline in Muscat Bailey A wines, alanine in Campbell Early wines and proline, malate and choline in Meoru wines demonstrated that the metabolites of the wines vary with the grape variety. This study provides insight into the relationship between grape variety and its wine through global and targeted analysis of 1H NMR spectral data. 相似文献
10.
葡萄籽油生产工艺研究 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:23
葡萄酒生产过程中的下脚料经烘干等处理,分出葡萄籽(主要是皮和籽)。然后经脱壳、粉碎等处理,并进行一次性浸出取油,再经精制可得到优质食用葡萄籽油。采用脱壳和一次浸出制油工艺,不仅可以提高出油率,而且还能使制油后饼粕中的纤维素降低,蛋白质提高,从而大大增加了饼粕的营养价值。浸出的毛油经脱酸、脱色、脱臭处理,获得的精制油达到并超过国际葡萄籽油标准。对葡萄酿酒后的下脚料(葡萄籽占20%—26%)合理地综合利用,不仅可减少环境污染,而且还可以增加社会效益、经济效益。 相似文献