Effect of Iron on the Color of Barley and Other Cereal Porridges

ABSTRACT: Iron added as ferrous sulfate at 500 mg*kg⁻¹ to rice, oats, whole grain wheat, or proanthocyanidin-free barley porridge caused significant changes in the Hunter "L", "a", and "b" values but the visual appearance of these porridges remained satisfactory. Porridge made with normal barley flour fortified with 500 mg*kg⁻¹ of iron developed an unappealing gray color with ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, or electrolytic iron, 3 salts differing in solubility. At 100 and 250 mg*kg⁻¹ of iron, the discoloration of normal barley porridge was less pronounced, but still objectionable. When fortified with 50 mg*kg⁻¹ of iron, normal barley porridge had a slight color change but was not noticeably gray. Thus barley-containing foods can be fortified with a soluble iron compound at the level of iron used in enriched flour and similar cereal-grain foods for the general population without developing an unattractive color.     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法分析小茴香挥发性成分

考察了萃取样品温度、萃取纤维吸附时间及解吸时间对于固相微萃取的影响,确定了固相微萃取小茴香挥发性成分较佳的实验条件为:萃取样品温度60℃,萃取纤维吸附时间40min,脱附温度250℃,脱附时间5min。用计算机谱库检索结合气相色谱保留指数二维定性方法,从小茴香的固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用分析谱图中,鉴定出反式-茴香脑、顺式-茴香脑、爱草脑、葑酮、p-茴香醛、1,8-桉树脑、樟脑等35种小茴香挥发性成分,总质量分数98·70%。     

火炬树叶的抗氧化性及其与Vc协同作用的研究

为研究火炬树叶的抗氧化性及其与Vc、柠檬酸的协同作用,本文以猪油为底物,采用高温诱导使其发生脂质过氧化反应,测定体系的过氧化值,结果表明:火炬树叶甲醇提取物可有效延缓猪油脂质过氧化反应,适量加入Vc可提高其抗氧化性。     

茴香中防腐杀菌成分的提取及测定

选取乙醇和水作为溶剂萃取茴香中的茴香醛,探究了不同外在因素对提取效率的影响。实验结果表明,反应介质为6 mol/L的HCl,显色剂用量为2 mL,反应时间20 min,反应温度为室温时测定茴香醛最佳。在室温下,萃取茴香醛的最佳溶剂为无水乙醇;萃取温度为32℃且萃取时间为30天时,茴香醛的提取效率可达到最高,为2.45%,而水萃取茴香醛的含量就比较低,在萃取温度为55℃时,茴香醛的萃取效率仅为0.27%。结果表明,无水乙醇的提取效率比蒸馏水的提取效率高,两者相差高达20倍左右。     

微波辅助萃取和气质联用技术测定洋葱中挥发性成分

利用微波辅助萃取洋葱中的挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱法联用技术进行定性分析,并按峰面积归一化法,求出挥发性化学成分的相对含量.共分离鉴定了31个化合物,占总挥发性成分的86.48%.洋葱中挥发性成分主要是醛类、酸类、甾醇类、烷烃类和杂环化合物,其中醛类、酸类、烷烃类含量较高.     

野生植物婆婆针营养成分的研究及应用

对野生植物婆婆针的营养成分进行了分析，结果表明，婆婆针中含有多种营养成分，丰富的矿质元素和维生素及其β-胡萝卜素。婆婆针中至少含有17种氨基酸。旨在为开发利用植物资源提供科学依据。     

Extraction Kinetics and Anethole Content of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and Anise Seed (Pimpinella anisum) Extracts Obtained by Soxhlet,Ultrasound, Percolation,Centrifugation, and Steam Distillation

Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Pimpinella anisum (anise) extracts were obtained by Soxhlet, cold percolation, ultrasound assisted extraction, and centrifugal extraction using ethanol as solvent; anise extracts were also obtained by steam distillation. Soxhlet presented the highest yields for both fennel and anise seed (16.8% and 23.3%, respectively). The highest anethole content among ethanolic extracts was obtained for centrifugal extraction (6.8 mg/g and 143 mg/g for fennel and anise extracts, respectively). Steam distillation presented low yield (0.26%), but high anethole content (68–98%, area). Anise ethanolic extracts also tested positive for flavonoids.     

药桑固体饮料的研制

以新疆药桑为原料,研制药桑固体饮料;采用单因素试验和正交试验,确定最佳配方为麦芽糊精55.00%,柠檬酸0.5%,砂糖11.00%。真空干燥的最佳条件为干燥前期温度为50℃,真空度为0.08 MPa,干燥中期温度由50℃上升到55℃,真空度为0.09 MPa,干燥后期温度为60℃,整个干燥过程大约需要30 h。