两种工艺拐枣酒抗氧化成分及活性比较

以拐枣果梗为原料,制备拐枣露酒与发酵酒,测定拐枣酒中营养成分含量,并采用氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）、铁离子还原能力（FRAP）、2,2'-联氨-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）与1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基（DPPH）自由基清除能力4种方法对其抗氧化活性进行测定,旨在比较两种工艺拐枣酒抗氧化成分含量及抗氧化活性。结果表明,拐枣发酵酒中总多酚、总黄酮、抗坏血酸含量均高于拐枣露酒,拐枣露酒中具有较高的糖含量,发酵酒中残糖量少。两种工艺拐枣酒均具有很强的抗氧化能力,其抗氧化能力与之含有的总黄酮、总多酚及抗坏血酸含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。拐枣酒的ORAC值在6.49～14.69 mmol/L之间,FRAP值在3.59～11.71 mmol/L之间,对ABTS、DPPH自由基的清除率均＞90%,半抑制浓度（IC50）值分别在7.10～20.30 μg/mL、23.40～52.30 μg/mL之间。拐枣露酒与拐枣发酵酒相比,发酵酒中营养成分含量更高,品质更佳,抗氧化能力更强。     

枳椇子影响乙醇代谢机理研究

为了研究枳椇子解酒保肝机理,实验建立了低剂量乙醇模型组(自由饮用2.5%乙醇、3.9g/kg体重/d)和高剂量乙醇模型组(自由饮用8%乙醇、12.6g/kg体重/d),枳子浸提液+低醇组枳子浸提液+高醇组+枳子浸提液组(小鼠自由饮用3mg/ml枳椇子浸提液),实验持续30d,测定小鼠肝脏乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果表明,长期摄入乙醇引起肝脏ADH、SOD、GST酶活性降低,导致MDA含量升高和GSH含量下降,枳子提取液可拮抗乙醇引起的上述变化,具有解酒保肝作用。     

葛枳黄酮固体饮料的配方优化

本研究以葛根总黄酮（PTF）和枳椇子总黄酮（HTF）为原料,制备复方葛枳黄酮固体饮料并对其配方进行优化。采用瓦勒-霍赫法（Valle-Hoch）法检测PTF和HTF对乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）和乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH2）的激活率的影响,确定PTF和HTF复合物配比,并以成型率、休止角、溶化性、吸湿性为考察指标,采用单因素试验法和星点设计-效应面法对复方葛枳解酒固体饮料的配方进行优化。蔗糖/麦芽糊精配比、辅料/原料配比和乙醇浓度对颗粒质量影响较大,固体饮料最优配方为：葛根总黄酮7.65%,枳椇子总黄酮15.31%,蔗糖45.92%,麦芽糊精30.61%,阿斯巴甜0.50%,65%乙醇适量,采用湿法制粒工艺制备复方葛枳黄酮固体饮料。星点设计实验方法模型可靠,优化所得配方产品具有良好的成型率、流动性、溶化性及生产和储存可接受的吸湿性,工艺过程简单,适用于大生产。     

拐枣枝多糖提取工艺优化与其抗氧化性研究

为确定拐枣枝多糖的生物活性,对拐枣枝多糖提取工艺进行优化,并评价其体外抗氧化性强弱,从而为拐枣枝多糖的合理开发和应用提供理论依据。以拐枣枝为试验材料,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面分析法优化拐枣枝多糖提取工艺;通过拐枣枝多糖对羟自由基（·OH）、ABTS自由基（ABTS+·）和DPPH自由基（DPPH·）的清除率的测定从而评价拐枣枝多糖的抗氧化性。结果表明：最佳多糖的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶30（g∶mL）、浸提温度80 ℃、浸提时间2.0 h,拐枣枝多糖的提取率为2.44%。抗氧化性结果表明,拐枣枝多糖对·OH、DPPH·和ABTS+·均有较强的清除作用,最大清除率分别达到76.2%、91.3%和96.8%。     

拐枣果梗中有机酸成分的GC-MS分析

采用硫酸甲酯化处理拐枣果梗样品,用GC-MS联用法分析其有机酸含量。共确认19种酸性成分,其中多元酸9种,脂肪酸10种,占总峰面积的97.11%。结果表明,拐枣果梗中苹果酸的含量最高,占22.88%;还含有多种不饱和高级脂肪酸,总量为9.71%,其中亚麻酸和亚油酸含量分别为5.06%和3.35%。     

来自植物的天然甜味抑制剂

对国内外天然甜味抑制剂的研究进展进行了综述 ,重点对含有天然甜味抑制成分的 3种植物———匙羹藤、大枣和枳橘的甜味抑制成分及其作用进行了阐述 ,为进一步研究和开发利用天然甜味抑制剂提供参考。     

Preparation,preliminary characterization and immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharide fractions from the peduncles of Hovenia dulcis

The peduncles of Hovenia dulcis, containing abundant nutrients and having a taste like a combination of raisin, clove, cinnamon and sugar, have been consumed as fruits and used as traditional herbal medicine for a long time in China. Up to date, little information is available about the polysaccharides from peduncles of H. dulcis (HDPS) and their potential bioactivity. In this study, three purified fractions were prepared by sequential purification of crude HDPS through ion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. The three fractions of HDPS-1, HDPS-2 and HDPS-3 were found to be homogeneous heteropolysaccharides mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid with an average molecular weight of 235, 70 and 53 kDa, respectively. HDPS-3 was quite different from HDPS-1 and HDPS-2, as it contained much higher content of galacturonic acid (40.5%). In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the three fractions could significantly stimulate the proliferation of splenocytes and enhance phagocytosis, nitric oxide production and acid phosphatase activity of peritoneal macrophages, which suggested that HDPS had a potent immunostimulatory activity and could be explored as a potential natural immunomodulatory agent.     

枳椇醋发酵阶段产物的抗氧化活性变化

采用液态深层发酵法酿造枳椇醋,以总酚含量、总黄酮含量、清除DPPH自由基能力、还原能力、总抗氧化能力为指标,研究枳椇醋不同发酵阶段产物抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明:总酚含量和清除DPPH自由基能力在枳椇醋酿造过程中增加;总黄酮含量在酒精发酵阶段减少,在醋酸发酵阶段增加;还原能力发酵前后相当;总抗氧化能力在酒精发酵中增强,在醋酸发酵中略减弱。     

葛根枳椇子植物饮料对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用研究

研究了葛根枳椇子植物饮料对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。采用一次性灌胃50%酒精的方法建立急性酒精性肝损伤模型,检测相关生化指标及肝组织形态,评价葛根枳椇子植物饮料的肝保护作用。与模型组比较,葛根枳椇子植物饮料中剂量组的小鼠血清中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、总胆固醇、甘油三酯以及低密度脂蛋白水平显著降低至（19.17±6.22）U/L、（14.81±4.61）U/L、（4.77±0.33）mmol/L、（1.92±0.24）mmol//L、（0.22±0.09）mmol/L,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶以及还原型谷胱甘肽的活性明显升高,丙二醇含量显著降低至（0.80±0.09）nmol/mg pro。葛根枳椇子植物饮料在一定程度上改善肝组织的病理变化,减轻脂肪变性及炎性细胞浸润。结果表明,葛根枳椇子植物饮料对小鼠急性酒精暴露后的肝组织具有一定的保护作用。     

Physicochemical properties and bioactive function of Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis) pomace insoluble dietary fibre modified by ball milling and complex enzyme treatment

The study investigated the effects of ball milling and enzymolysis on the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and bioactive function of Hovenia dulcis pomace insoluble dietary fibre (HIDF). Ball milling and enzymolysis effectively decreased the particle size and zeta potential of HIDF. The swelling power (SP), water solubility index (WSI) and apparent viscosity of HIDF were effectively enhanced (P < 0.05) after ball milling and enzymolysis. Scanning electron microscopy detection showed that the surface and internal structures of HIDF were destructed by the modified treatment. Ball milling and enzymolysis treatment disrupted the intermolecular hydrogen bonds and crystalline structure of HIDF per Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, the inhibition rate of HIDF on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was significantly increased by modification. All HIDF significantly improved the lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemic mice, with the modified IDF providing a stronger effect.