Continuous Separation of Inclusions from Aluminum Melt Flowing in a Circular Pipe using a High Frequency Magnetic Field

The continuous separation of inclusions from aluminum melt flowing in a circular pipe using a high frequency magneticfield was investigated both theoretically and experimentally The separation efficiency was calculated based on thetrajectory method and compared with experimental results. It is found that the separation efficiency is a functilnondimensional parameters t_i·d_p~2B_e~2/μ_fμ_eα~2 and α/δ.The effective way to improve the separation efficiency is to increasethe effective magnetic flux density and decrease the pipe radius. and the value of α/δ should be kept about 2 in orderto obtain the optimum separation efficiency.     

转炉-连铸工序生产低碳铝镇静钢中夹杂物的研究

采用添加示踪剂的方法对转炉-CAS-连铸工艺生产低碳铝镇静钢中的夹杂物进行了研究,结果表明:出钢或CAS精炼过程中炉渣与钢液作用生成的夹杂物,尺寸在30 μm以下的夹杂物很难从钢液中完全上浮排出.铸坯中的主要夹杂物为来源于钢包渣与钢液作用生成的球状夹杂物、块状Al 2O 3夹杂物.连铸坯中的全氧含量在(38～53)×10 -6之间,夹杂物的含量在 2.3 mg/kg左右,表明该工艺可以生产较高纯净度的低碳铝镇静钢坯.     

RH—KIP双重精炼工艺对钢中夹杂物的影响

本文讨论了RH-KIP双重精炼工艺对钢中夹杂物的影响。结果表明,无论采用RH→KIP还是KIP-RH处理工艺均能使钢液净化和夹杂物良好球化,但前一种工艺易使钢中产生较大颗粒夹杂物。     

钢中非金属夹杂物控制技术发展现状及展望

钢中夹杂物的数量、尺寸、分布规律对钢产品质量有较大影响,因此,控制钢中非金属夹杂物是冶炼高品质洁净钢、提升产品品质的关键。通过对钢中非金属夹杂物性质、来源入手,分析了夹杂物碰撞、聚合长大、上浮及去除机理,同时对气泡吸附、电磁净化、过滤分离等夹杂物控制技术进行了对比分析,并对氧化物冶金技术发展现状进行了介绍。研究表明,气泡法与过滤法是以气泡和过滤器为媒介对钢水中夹杂进行吸附、捕捉并促进其进入渣相;电磁净化法借助电磁场离心力增加夹杂物碰撞、聚集长大的几率,但设备较为复杂,其应用受电力资源供给限制;夹杂物改性技术是将高熔点夹杂变性生成低熔点夹杂,促进夹杂物上浮,其操作简单,但容易造成钢水的二次污染。氧化物冶金技术通过改变夹杂物大小、形状和分布来钉扎和抑制高温下奥氏体晶粒的长大,避免粗大晶粒的形成,从而实现细化组织、提高钢的强度和韧性的目的。氧化物冶金技术为夹杂物的控制提供了新思路,具有重要的应用前景。     

Effective stiffness and microscopic deformation of an orthotropic plate containing arbitrary holes

Many engineering materials and structures, such as cellular structures, sandwich core structures and laminated plates with holes, can be modeled by an inclusion problem with anisotropic matrix. The paper studies the effective properties and the microscopic deformation of anisotropic plates with periodic holes by using direct and mathematical homogenization. The effective stiffnesses are calculated by different homogenization methods and the microscopic deformation of a RVE is modeled by the finite element method for the plate with arbitrarily shaped holes. All of the effective stiffness coefficients, especially stretching-shear coupling coefficients are evaluated.     

200 t LD-LBAr-CC流程生产低碳铝镇静钢的洁净度

钢厂试验的低碳铝镇静钢(/%:0.036～0.037C、0.009Si、0.173～0.176Mn、0.012～0.013P、0.005～0.006S)生产流程为200 t LD转炉-钢包吹Ar精炼(LBAr)-230 mm×1 300 mm板坯连铸工艺。通过LD转炉挡渣出钢,并加入Mn-Fe、铝丸进行预脱氧和合金化3 min,钢水T[O]和[N]分别为91.8×10^-6和19.4×10^-6,在氩站经10～12 min 25～45 m³/h流量吹氩和3～5 min 15～25 m³/h的软吹氩后,T[O]降至42.3×10^-6,[N]为22.0×10^-6,中间包和铸坯T[O]分别为38.3×10^-6和28.9×10^-6,[N]分别为23.6×10^-6和26.5×10^-6。该流程生产的铸坯满足T[O]≤30×10^-6的内控要求。经氩站精炼后,显微夹杂物去除率为30.0%,而大型夹杂物去除率达58.7%;显微夹杂物主要为脱氧产物Al₂O₃;大型夹杂物主要为SiO₂、Al₂O₃、SiO₂-Al₂O₃、CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃。     

150 t BOF-LF-VD-CC流程无铝脱氧工艺高速轨钢冶炼过程的夹杂物行为

时速350 km高速钢轨要求钢中全氧含量T[O]≤20×10^-6,非金属夹杂物B、C、D类≤1.0级。国内在重轨钢冶炼中,通常采用无铝脱氧工艺,即采用SiCaBa合金强化脱氧,形成了低熔点的Mn-Al-Si-Ba-Ca多元型氧化物夹杂,该类夹杂物在精炼中全部排出钢液。研究了铁水预处理脱硫-150 t顶底复吹转炉-LF-VD-280 mm ×380 mm连铸流程冶炼钢轨钢U71MnG时的夹杂物行为,包括无铝脱氧工艺钢轨钢中氧化物夹杂的组成及特征,转炉终点[C]对钢水氧活度的影响以及LF精炼渣碱度和VD后期软吹氩搅拌对钢氧含量和夹杂物的影响。结果得出,钢轨头部的≤20μm氧化物夹杂为精炼时二次脱氧产物,通过控制转炉终点[C]＞0.15%,控制精炼渣碱度(CaO)/(SiO₂)=2.5~3,∑(FeO+MnO)≤1.0%可有效降低钢轨钢中氧化物的数量和尺寸。     

水淘洗法分离镍基高温合金粉末中陶瓷类夹杂物

详细介绍了水淘洗方法分离固体颗粒的原理,从实践上建立了镍基高温合金粉末陶瓷类夹杂物的分级分离法,进行实验验证,并分析了水淘洗方法的可靠性。     

Characterization and analysis about the heterogeneity of inclusions in a 500kg steel ball

The distribution and transfer mechanism of MnS inclusions are distinguished from the solute segregation in a 500 kg steel ball. The increase of MnS inclusions is obvious from the surface to the center of the steel ball, while the increase of solute content is slight. The massive MnS inclusions converge in the channel zone and in heterogeneous zones. During solidification, the interface tension drives MnS inclusions to the frontier of the dendritic zone. Some inclusions trapped may float to induce the channel zone. Solidification contraction tears such channel zone to attract more melt enriched with inclusions. Some inclusions converge in the extra-dendritic melt. At later solidification stage, solidification contraction dominates the macro-distribution of extra-dendritic melt to produce the heterogeneous zones.     

Origins of Non‐metallic Inclusions and their Chemical Development during Ladle Treatment

In the present work, steel, slag and refractory samples were taken from the ladle at OVAKO Steel in Hofors, Sweden. The steel samples were analysed in LOM, SEM and OES PDA. The chemical compositions of the inclusions were determined by EDS. According to the morphologies and compositions, the inclusions were classified into 5 different types, namely, (1) type‐1, alumina inclusions, (2) type‐2, calcium aluminate, (3) type‐3, spinel+calcium aluminate, (4) type‐4, calcium aluminate surrounded by a CaS shell, and (5) spinel+calcium aluminate surrounded by a CaS shell. Ladle glaze was found to be a major supplier of the inclusions, while the inclusions brought over from EAF could be another important source. The results of OES PDA showed that removal of inclusions took place mostly during the vacuum degassing period.