Phosphorus based indole and imidazole functionalized hyperbranched polyester as antimicrobial surface coating materials

Third generation of hyperbranched polyester (HP) synthesized via melt condensation and end-capped with bis indole and imidazole phosphoryl chloride. The modified polyesters subjected to different characterization viz., FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, GPC and elemental analysis. NMR analysis was used for the determination of OH conversion that demonstrates linear units had a lower reactivity as compared to terminal OH groups in HP. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies indicated that the HP was stable up to 276 °C and the glass transition temperature was 79.6 °C. After modification of HP, thermal stability was increased for indole modified HP, but the glass transition temperature was decreased. The flame retardance of the hyperbranched polyester was also evaluated with the help of TGA analysis and showed higher value of limiting oxygen index (LOI) for modified polyesters. Morphology of the modified polyester showed more roughness than unmodified HP and this nature positive correlated with bacterial zone of inhibition value. Biological studies showed that the HP and modified HP are able to inhibit the reproduction of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Indole modified HP is showed good activity compared to imidazole modified HP.     

Analysis of indole compounds in edible Basidiomycota species after thermal processing

Methanolic extracts of processed fruiting bodies of six edible mushroom species (Basidiomycota) - Armillaria mellea, Boletus badius, Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius, Lactarius deliciosus collected from natural habitats and Pleurotus ostreatus of commercial origin - were analysed for the presence of non-hallucinogenic indole compounds. Thermal processing was designed in such a way that it mimicked conditions used for cooking of mushroom dishes, since only a narrow group of mushrooms can be eaten raw, while indole compounds are thermolabile. All processed extracts were shown to contain l-tryptophan (up to 8.92 mg/100 g dw). The contents of the remaining compounds, 5-methyltryptophan, tryptamine, melatonin, indoleacetonitrile and indole, varied in different species (from 0.71 to 6.55 mg/100 g dw). Extract of processed C. cibarius fruiting bodies contained l-tryptophan, 5-methyltryptophan, tryptamine, melatonin, indoleacetonitrile and indole (1.96-4.94 mg/100 g dw) whereas l-tryptophan (2.78 mg/100 g dw) and tryptamine (2.77 mg/100 g dw) were the only indole compounds identified in the processed fruiting bodies of A. mellea.     

具有双螺吡喃结构的光致变色化合物的合成研究

以2,3,3-三甲基-4H-吲哚为起始原料,通过羟乙基化、闭环和缩合反应,三步合成了一种具有双螺吡喃结构的化合物,并且对反应机理进行了研究。通过条件实验对合成工艺进行了优化,合成的总收率达到48．3％。     

Screening of indoles in cheese

 Indole and skatole (3-methylindole) are formed from tryptophan by microbial activity. Depending on their concentration, they may either contribute to an unpleasant odour, as described for pig meat, or alternatively to a positive aroma profile, as during ripening of cheese. In a screening study, the two indoles in various types of cheese were determined, by both HPLC and GC. It was found that the two compounds mainly occur in mould cheese, such as Camembert and are even more pronounced in blue-veined cheese. The concentrations in unripened cheese were up to 700 ng/g fat for indole and 50 ng/g fat for skatole. The formation of the two indoles increases when proteolysis during ripening provides more tryptophan. Skatole formation appears to be specifically favoured by a low pH and anaerobic conditions. Received: 14 May 1997     

Effects of raw potato starch and live weight on fat and plasma skatole,indole and androstenone levels measured by different methods in entire male pigs

A total of 96 entire male pigs were used to evaluate the effects of feeding raw potato starch (RPS) and live weight (LW; 90, 100 or 115 kg) on skatole, indole and androstenone levels in fat and plasma. Different methods to analyse the compounds were compared. Fat levels of skatole analysed by HPLC and colorimetric methods, and androstenone analysed by HPLC and ELISA, were highly correlated. However, androstenone values obtained by ELISA were overestimated. Feeding RPS reduced skatole levels in plasma and fat but did not affect indole levels. Androstenone levels in plasma measured by direct ELISA were not altered by diet, whereas the levels measured by ELISA with extraction were lower in the pigs fed RPS. Feeding RPS did not reduce androstenone levels in fat. Androstenone levels in fat were higher at 115 than at 90 kg, whereas skatole and indole levels were not affected by LW.     

MODELING OF HYDROPROCESSING REACTIONS

Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson rate expressions are developed for the hydroprocessing of quinoline, naphthalene and dibenzothiophene based on batch reactor data at 350^°C and at 500 psig. Based on competitive adsorption, the kinetics are extended to binary mixtures of quinoline/naphtha-lene and quinoline/dibenzothiophene. In doing so, the differences in hydrogenation and hydro-genolysis sites are taken into consideration. In all cases, the agreement between the predicted and experimental results are good     

医药化工中的一些重要吲哚化合物

介绍了吲哚及十几种吲哚化合物的性质、合成方法以及在医药领域中的应用简况,这些吲哚衍生物如：3-醛基吲哚-5-甲酸乙酯,5-甲氧基吲哚,3,3,-二吲哚甲烷（DIM）等。许多吲哚及其衍生物在治疗癌症,艾滋病、心血管疾病以及骨风湿性疾病、消炎、镇痛等医药治疗方面取得了显著成就,故对其相关化合物作了重点叙述。例如：MCM-41负载Lewis酸催化合成2-甲基吲哚,5-甲氧基吲哚,吲哚甲基海英的合成等。已经表明,吲哚及其衍生物在医药化工领域中的应用具有很好的前景,值得引起关注和进一步研究和开发。     

Synthesis of novel poly{methyl-[3-(9-indolyl)propyl]siloxane}-based nonlinear optical polymers via postfunctionalization

A novel series of nonlinear optical (NLO) polysiloxanes with a high density of chromophore moieties based on poly{methyl-[3-(9-indolyl)propyl]siloxane} (PMIPS) were synthesized by a post functional strategy. First, PMIPS (P1) was prepared through hydrosilylation reaction, then P1 is partially formylated by the reaction between P1 and the reagents of dimethylformamide (DMF) and phosphorus oxychloride under the standard Vilsmeier reaction conditions, and these formyl groups with high reactivity are condensed with four predesigned cyanoacetylated chromophores to afford the series of chromophore functionalized polysiloxanes (P3-6). The most special point is the molar concentrations of chromophore moieties are the same in polymers P3-6, which makes it convenient to study the behavior of different chromophores in the polymeric system. The poled films of P3-6 reveal the resonant d₃₃ values in the range of 7.9-55.2 pm/V by second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements.     

Branched diphenylsilane derivatives containing electronically isolated indolyl moieties as host materials for blue organic light emitting diodes

Branched diphenylsilane derivatives with pendent indolyl fragments were synthesized and characterized. The compounds show high thermal stability with thermal decomposition starting at temperatures above 367 °C and ability to form glasses with glass-transition temperatures of 53-58 °C. The electron photoemission spectra of the layers of the synthesized compounds showed ionization potentials of ca. 5.85 eV. The derivatives were tested as host materials in phosphorescent OLEDs with iridium(III)[bis(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2′]picolinate as the guest. The device with the host derivative containing four electronically isolated indolyl fragments exhibited the best overall performance with maximum current efficiency of about 12 cd/A.