An artificial life approach to dense stereo disparity

This article presents an adaptive approach to improving the infection algorithm that we have used to solve the dense stereo matching problem. The algorithm presented here incorporates two different epidemic automata along a single execution of the infection algorithm. The new algorithm attempts to provide a general behavior of guessing the best correspondence between a pair of images. Our aim is to provide a new strategy inspired by evolutionary computation, which combines the behaviors of both automata into a single correspondence problem. The new algorithm will decide which automata will be used based on the transmission of information and mutation, as well as the attributes, texture, and geometry, of the input images. This article gives details about how the rules used in the infection algorithm are coded. Finally, we show experiments with a real stereo pair, as well as with a standard test bed, to show how the infection algorithm works.     

中国高等教育体制改革对大学校园规划的影响

该文以中国高等教育体制改革为锲入点,从高等教育思想观念改革,办学体制改革、投资体制改革三方面探讨高教体制改革对我国大学校园规划的影响。     

Echium oil is better than rapeseed oil in improving the response of barramundi to a disease challenge

Pathogen infection stimulates the fatty acid (FA) metabolism and the production of pro-inflammatory derivatives of FA. Barramundi, Lates calcarifer, was fed on a diet rich in preformed long-chain (?C₂₀) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from fish oil (FO), to compare with diets containing high levels of C₁₈ precursors for LC-PUFA – stearidonic (SDA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) – from Echium plantagineum (EO), or rapeseed oil (RO) rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), but a poor source of LC-PUFA and their precursors. After 6 weeks, when growth rates were similar amongst the dietary treatments, a sub-lethal dose of Streptococcus iniae was administered to half of the fish, while the other half were maintained unchallenged and were pair-fed with the infected fish. Under a disease challenge situation, the tissue FA depots depleted at 3 days post-infection (DPI) and were then restored to their previous concentrations at 7 DPI. During the infection period, EO fish had a higher content of n3 and n6 PUFA in their tissues, higher n3:n6 PUFA ratio and reduced levels of the eicosanoids, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α, in their plasma compared with RO fish. Fish fed on FO and EO had a longer lasting and enduring response in their FA and eicosanoid concentrations, following a week of bacterial infection, compared with those fed on RO. EO, containing SDA and GLA and with a comparatively higher n3:n6 PUFA ratio, proved more effective than RO in compensating for immunity stress.     

Antimicrobial Activity of the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma

Over the past century, a number of synthetic antimicrobial agents have been discovered and developed, but drug resistance and toxicity are still the major hindrances to gaining successful therapeutic outcomes in many instances. Herbal medicines may represent a safe and useful supplement to existing chemotherapeutic therapies for the management of infectious diseases. Ganoderma has traditionally been used to treat chronic infectious diseases, such as chronic hepatitis and bronchitis in Asia, when it is administered alone or more often in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Preclinical (in vitro and in vivo animal) studies indicate that Ganoderma exhibits a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antiviral activities, whereas data in human beings are scanty. Polysaccharides or triterpenoids from Ganoderma showed activities against Herpes simple virus, Hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Epstein-Barr virus in vitro or in animal models. Ganoderma species also contain antibacterial constituents inhibiting gram-positive and/or gram-negative bacteria in vitro. However, it is difficult to extrapolate these findings to humans, as most of these preclinical studies were conducted under optimized conditions with the use of high doses of Ganoderma components. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study indicated that treatment of hepatitis B patients with G. lucidum polysaccharides at 5400 mg/day for 12 weeks resulted in significantly decreased serum HBV DNA and hepatitis B e antigen (HbeAg) levels. The mechanisms for the antimicrobial and antiviral activities of Ganoderma are largely undefined. Currently available data do not support the use of Ganoderma as an antibiotic, but it may play an adjunct role for the management of bacterial and viral infection. Further studies are needed in humans.     

计算机病毒与防范

通过介绍计算机病毒的概念、分类、基本原理、产生的种种原因和传播途径等,总结了些常用的预防措施。     

计算机病毒与防范

通过介绍计算机病毒的概念、分类、基本原理、产生的种种原因和传播途径等，总结了些常用的预防措施。     

How far droplets can move in indoor environments--revisiting the Wells evaporation-falling curve

A large number of infectious diseases are believed to be transmitted between people via large droplets and by airborne routes. An understanding of evaporation and dispersion of droplets and droplet nuclei is not only significant for developing effective engineering control methods for infectious diseases but also for exploring the basic transmission mechanisms of the infectious diseases. How far droplets can move is related to how far droplet-borne diseases can transmit. A simple physical model is developed and used here to investigate the evaporation and movement of droplets expelled during respiratory activities; in particular, the well-known Wells evaporation-falling curve of droplets is revisited considering the effect of relative humidity, air speed, and respiratory jets. Our simple model considers the movement of exhaled air, as well as the evaporation and movement of a single droplet. Exhaled air is treated as a steady-state non-isothermal (warm) jet horizontally issuing into stagnant surrounding air. A droplet is assumed to evaporate and move in this non-isothermal jet. Calculations are performed for both pure water droplets and droplets of sodium chloride (physiological saline) solution (0.9% w/v). We calculate the droplet lifetimes and how droplet size changes, as well as how far the droplets travel in different relative humidities. Our results indicate that a droplet's size predominately dictates its evaporation and movement after being expelled. The sizes of the largest droplets that would totally evaporate before falling 2 m away are determined under different conditions. The maximum horizontal distances that droplets can reach during different respiratory activities are also obtained. Our study is useful for developing effective prevention measures for controlling infectious diseases in hospitals and in the community at large. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our study reveals that for respiratory exhalation flows, the sizes of the largest droplets that would totally evaporate before falling 2 m away are between 60 and 100 microm, and these expelled large droplets are carried more than 6 m away by exhaled air at a velocity of 50 m/s (sneezing), more than 2 m away at a velocity of 10 m/s (coughing) and less than 1 m away at a velocity of 1 m/s (breathing). These findings are useful for developing effective engineering control methods for infectious diseases, and also for exploring the basic transmission mechanisms of the infectious diseases. There is a need to examine the air distribution systems in hospital wards for controlling both airborne and droplet-borne transmitted diseases.     

正确认识洁净技术在控制感染方面的作用

本文对目前新建医院以及医院改造过程中，建造洁净手术室数目大、洁净级别高的现状提出质疑。并指出：洁净手术室的数目应考虑各种因素，以确定合适的手术室数量和级别。洁净手术室的数量不宜过多，应该注重提高洁净手术室的使用率。     

Identification of a new Hazelnut disease in Liaoning Province: Hazelnut husk brown rot

Hazelnut husk brown rot has been identified as a new disease in Liaoning Province in recent years. The objective of this study as to identify the pathogen. [Method] In this study, a standard sample of hazelnut husk brown rot was collected from Songmudao Base in Dalian City, Liaoning Province. The pathogen was identified by the studies of the morphology, pathogenicity, and analyses of ITS and LSU sequences. The pathogen was isolated and purified, which was confirmed by Koch’s postulates. The symptoms after inoculation were the same as those collected directly from a diseased tree, which showed that it was the pathogenic fungus. The cultural characteristics and conidia and the morphology of the pathogenic fungi were similar to those of Botrytis cinerea’s. The ITS sequences and LSU sequences were compared to the associated strain sequences in GenBank, with 100% identity to Botrytis cinerea (GenBank accession number: MN589848.1) and Botrytis cinerea (GenBank accession number: KU140653.1), respectively. The infection status of the pathogen on the hazelnut husks was also observed. The studies suggested that the pathogen leading to the hazelnut husk brown rot as a new disease in Liaoning Province was Botrytis cinerea.     

计算机病毒的人工检测与防治对策

简要分析了文件型和系统型计算机病毒的基本组成结构和病毒传染机制及常用杀毒工具对计算机病毒的诊断判定技术,指出了一般杀毒工具对付病毒的局限性和人工诊断消除病毒的必要性,并具体给出了人工对付计算机病毒的方法和对策．