Nutritive quality of the alkaloid-poor Washington lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus lindl var SF/TA) as a potential protein crop

Abstract : An alkaloid-poor line of Washington lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl var SF/TA) was developed in an experiment started in 1982. The nutritive quality (alkaloid content, protein and amino acids, fat and fatty acids. macro- and micronutrients, fibre, sugars) yields, and seed quality of this line were studied. The results show that the total alkaloid content was low and varied in different seeds from 226 μg g^?1 to 366 μg g^?1 of dry matter. The main alkaloid was lupanine, but 16 other alkaloids (including sparteine and gramine) were also present. The var SF/TA cannot yet be used for human nutrition without processing although it would be a valuable protein crop. The results confirm that seeds which look different also vary in chemical composition.     

In Vitro Determination of the Antifungal Activity of Artemisia campestris Essential Oil from Algeria

The chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia campestris from Algeria and its antifungal activity against 10 filamentous fungal strains were investigated. The A. campestris essential oil was obtained in a yield of 0.71% (v/w). The major constituents of the oil were α-pinene (18.65%), β-pinene (16.78%), β-myrcene (17.34%), and germacrene D (10.34%). Our study showed that A. campestris essential oil was a potent antifungal agent against some pathogenic fungal species. Fusarium graminearum was the most sensitive strain to A. campestris essential oil with minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration values of 1.25 µL/mL (v/v). The essential oil also exhibited a strong fungicidal activity against the tested fungi, except for Penicillium citrinum, P. viridicatum, and Aspergillus niger (MFC >20 µL/mL). Our findings suggested the application of A. campestris essential oil as a biofungicide in order to reduce the dependence on synthetic fungicides and ensure food safety and quality.     

野油菜黄单胞菌xanA基因与pUCm-T载体的连接

本文研究了两种不同的连接方法在野油菜黄单胞菌（Xanthomonas campestris）xanA基因与pUCm-T载体连接中的连接效果,并进行了转化实验进行鉴定.实验结果表明,xanA基因与pUCm-T载体的适宜连接条件为16℃连接过夜.连接体系中,xanA基因与pUCm-T载体的体积比为4：1.     

Molecular cloning and characterisation of cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase gene BcGS1 from non‐heading Chinese cabbage

BACKGROUND: Glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) is a key enzyme of nitrogen (N) assimilation, catalysing the synthesis of glutamine from ammonium and glutamate. Plants have two types of GS isoenzyme that are localised in different compartments: one in the cytosol (GS1) and the other in the chloroplast (GS2). GS1 is the major form of GS in plant roots and directly converts ammonium taken up by plant roots to glutamine. RESULTS: The GS1 gene cDNA of non‐heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestrisssp. chinensis Makino) cultivar ‘Suzhouqing’ was isolated by RT‐PCR (real‐time polymerase chain reaction) and (5′/3′)‐RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) techniques. It was classified as GS1 by sequence alignment and motif search and named B. campestris ssp. chinensis Makino GS1 (BcGS1). Subcellular localisation analysis showed that BcGS1 was distributed in the cytoplasm of cells. BcGS1 was expressed in all parts, but mainly in the roots, which was verified by northern blotting analysis. Additionally, its expression was influenced by the N source concentration. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that BcGS1 is a novel member of the GS family in plants. BcGS1 was significantly related to N assimilation in non‐heading Chinese cabbage, demonstrating that this gene plays an important role in plant growth and development. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

产高黏性黄原胶基因工程菌株的构建

目的获得产高黏度黄原胶基因工程菌株。方法利用PCR技术,以野油菜黄单胞菌X58基因组为模板扩增得到产胶基因gumBC,通过纯化、内切酶酶切、连接和接合,构建了含gumBC基因表达载体(pBBR-gumBC)的重组菌株X58-BC。结果经10 L发酵罐实验证实,gumBC过量表达,黄原胶黏度值(Brookfield s05,60 r/min)提高了62%,剪切性能值提高了57%。结论成功构建了产高黏度黄原胶基因工程菌株。     

黄单胞菌脱硫的最佳生长条件研究

从某糖厂污泥中分离、提纯到一株异氧型脱硫细菌，并就其生长特性进行研究，利用单因素试验方法确定其脱硫最佳生长条件，以期降低微生物脱硫技术工艺设施的运行费用，并为进一步开发生物脱硫工艺的脱硫能力提供一定的理论基础。     

野油菜黄单胞菌反枝苋致病菌毒素的分离和结构分析

A phytotoxin from Xanthomonas campestris pv. retroflexus was isolated using a chromatographer and HPLC, and the components were identified to be a mixture of minor molecular compounds including organic acids and cyclo-（proline-phenylalanine）. The greenhouse cultivation test was used to determine the influence of the isolated fractions on the growth of target weed redroot pigweed （Amaranthus retroflexus L）. The experimental results demonstrated that the cyclo-（Pro-Phe） had the weed inhibit activity obviously on dicotyledonous weed and the mixture with six organic acids showed stronger bioactivity. Further, greenhouse and field test were processed, and the test showed that the use of the toxin appeared to have the potential to be developed further as a bioherbicide system to control weedy grasses.     

Primary structure and polymorphism of 2S albumins from seeds of Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet)

 2S albumins were isolated from seeds of Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) by buffer extraction, ammonium sulphate precipitation and ultrafiltration followed ion-exchange and reversed-phase HPLC. The 2S albumin preparation (LM2S) contained eight albumins. The complete amino acid sequences of small and large subunits of three major albumins (LM2S-4, -5 and -6) were determined by automated Edman degradation of S-pyridylethylated polypeptides and peptides obtained from them by enzymatic digestions. The small subunit of the dominant 2S albumin (LM2S-4) contains 39 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 4731 Da. The large subunit of LM2S-4 contains 74 amino acid residues (molecular mass=8708 Da). Two 2S albumin isoforms (LM2S-4 and -6) are due to the expression of two distinct genes; LM2S-6 isoform has eight amino acid replacements when its sequence is compared with the sequence of LM2S-4. The LM2S-5 isoform contains an identical small subunit to LM2S-4, and has in comparison with LM2S-4 two additional amino acid residues at the N-terminus of the large subunit. The amino acid sequences of 2S isoforms from L. mutabilis showed high homology (78–83% identity) with 2S albumins from different Old World Lupinus species. Received: 15 December 1998 / Revised version: 9 February 1999