纳米堵剂在油田超深疑难井封堵上的应用研究

封堵技术是油田“控水稳油”的主导技术之一,在油田开发中应用普遍。然而,近年国内新投入开发的油田中有相当数量的埋藏深、高温、高压、高矿化度、低渗透难开发的油藏,常规封堵剂适应性和安全性差,无法满足现场需求。因此研究开发了一种新型纳米堵剂,并对其性能进行了室内评价。室内评价结果表明,纳米堵剂浆体流变性和注入性能好,初凝时间可调,具有强度高、封堵率高、溶解率高、析水量少且体积不收缩、耐地下高温等特性。现场应用也表明,与油田常用高强度堵剂相比,具有耐高温、高压、高矿化度,强度高和易溶解的优势,且施工安全简便,措施成功率高,是解决超深疑难井堵水的一种新型封堵剂。     

The internal-nitriding behavior of 310 stainless steel with and without Al and Ti additions

The internal-nitriding behavior in ammonia-hydrogen atmospheres of type-310 stainless steel and 310 to which either 2 wt.% Ti or 3 wt.% Al were added was studied over the range of 550–950°C. An Fe-24Cr binary alloy was included to assess the role of a BCC crystal structure vs the FCC crystal structure of 310 stainless steel. The BCC alloy exhibited the most rapid kinetics as expected. X-ray diffraction showed only the presence of CrN in all the alloys up to 735°C. At 850°C and above, both CrN and Cr₂N were detected. The nonformation of TiN and AlN at lower temperatures is attributed to nucleation problems. Precipitates were extremely fine (unresolvable even at 20,000×) at 563°C and became much coarser with increasing temperature. The precipitate density, size, and shape varied across the internal-nitriding zone at the higher temperatures. External scaling was noted at 850°C and above, however, it was not a continuous film. The activation energy of internal nitriding from 563–735°C ranged from 3.8 kcal/mol for 310+2Ti to 18.2 kcal/mol for 310+3Al; from 850–950°C, the activation energy ranged from 44 (310+2Ti) to 56.6 kcal/mol (310+3Al). Microhardness profiles show that an intermediate zone exists between the nitride case and the base metal. The origin of this zone is discussed.     

奥氏体耐热不锈钢310S的抗高温氧化性能研究

采用增重法研究了奥氏体耐热不锈钢310S在700、900和1000℃空气中高温氧化动力学,并结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)等手段,对氧化膜的形貌和组成进行了分析。结果发现,700℃时氧化速率比较稳定且氧化增重较小,其余温度下氧化增重较大且遵循抛物线规律。该钢中Cr在高温时容易形成FeO·Cr2O3、FeO·Fe2O3和尖晶石结构(FeCr2O4,NiCr2O4)等保护性氧化膜,是310S钢具有良好的抗高温氧化性能的重要原因。     

深冷处理对AISI 310S不锈钢耐腐蚀磨损性能的影响

研究了深冷处理对AISI 310S不锈钢在3.5%(质量分数)Na Cl溶液中耐腐蚀磨损性能的影响,将310S不锈钢在-196℃进行保温深冷处理,结果表明:相对未深冷处理,深冷处理之后,材料的晶粒得到细化,更多碳化物弥散析出基体;深冷处理之后材料的耐腐蚀性能得到提高,在深冷处理4 h时达到最佳值,相比未深冷处理,自腐蚀电位从-0.525 V提高到-0.423 V,提升了19.4%;且深冷处理之后,材料的耐腐蚀磨损性能得到提升,经过深冷处理4 h,材料的磨损率从120×10-6mm3/Nm降低到63×10-6mm3/Nm,降低90%。     

开源片上系统Freedom E310调试过程原理分析

Freedom E310是第一款基于RISC-V指令集架构的开源商业片上系统,可以依据具体应用场景对其进行深度定制,在介绍Freedom E310中与调试有关的模块、地址空间、控制状态寄存器之后,从原理上分析了halt、resume、step、断点设置等调试指令的实现过程.     

基于DRE310的数字广播(DAB)接收终端的实现方案

数字音频广播(DAB)在我国国内处于起步阶段,本文首先简略介绍了目前DAB的发展现状,接着讨论了基于TI公司的DRE310芯片的一种数字广播接收方案,最后展望了国内数字音频广播发展的前景。     

基于C8051F310及D2174QN的误码测试仪的设计与实现

误码测试仪是用于测量数据传输设备及其信道工作质量的一个重要仪器。是通信系统可靠性的测量工具,误码测试仪广泛地应用于通信设备的生产调试、检验以及日常维护等方面。根据此功能研究并设计了一种基于C8051F310及DS2174QN的误码测试仪,详细地分析和介绍了各个模块的工作原理。     

Investigate the causes of cracks in welded 310 stainless steel used in the Flare tip

The present study examines the causes of the cracks in welded 310 stainless steel that has been used in the Flare tip. According to the tests, including metallographic examination, macroscopic hardness test and scanning electron microscopic analysis, the reasons for the nucleation and growth of the cracks in the weld zone have been discussed. The results show that, because of the service temperature of Flare tip between 500 and 900 °C, and hydrocarbon gases such as methane, ethane, sour gas and carbon dioxide that are the combustion products, the component surface has been oxidized and carburized. Thus, the surface carburized oxide layer and also the subsurface damage can be fertile field for the nucleation of cracks. Likewise, the presence of sigma phases, austenite dendrites and interdendritic delta ferrite can cause a drop in toughness in the weld zone and provide fields for the crack growth in the weld zone.     

The sulphidation of alloys used in a fluidized bed combustor

The results of an investigation of the sulphidation behaviour of lncoloy BOOH and AISI 310 stainless steel in coal combustion conditions at temperatures between 650°C and 900°C are presented. Laboratory tests were carried out in controlled environments in the presence of solids representative of fluidized bed combustor operation. The morphology and composition of scale formed during sulphidation was examined and compared with that from tube samples removed from test rigs operated by the National Coal Board. The results have shown that at 900°C a gas mixture corresponding to the equilibrium conditions close to the coexistence point for CaS0₄, CaO and CaS on the phase stability diagram is sufficient to induce sulphidation. However, at lower temperatures an interaction between the deposit and the protective oxide is necessary and in some cases the presence of typical contaminants found in coals is an added requirement. The morphology of the corrosion products found in practice can be reproduced under controlled conditions in laboratory tests. The results are interpreted in terms of likely mechanisms of the processes involved.     

Al-B2O3-CeO2-粉煤灰复合增强涂层成分设计及冲蚀磨损分析

为了提高粉煤灰作为增强材料在金属基复合材料中的应用和性能,通过热力学分析和正交优化试验确定Al-B₂O₃-CeO₂-粉煤灰复合增强涂层各成分之间可能发生的反应及最佳配方比例,采用等离子喷涂在ZG310-570基体制备了粉煤灰复合增强涂层,分析了粉煤灰复合增强涂层的表面形貌、物相和冲蚀磨损性能。结果发现,热力学分析和正交优化试验表明Al、B₂O₃、CeO₂和粉煤灰之间能发生固相反应,粉煤灰复合增强涂层配方最佳比例质量分数为粉煤灰55%、B₂O₃20%、Al20%、CeO₂5%;粉煤灰复合增强涂层呈凹凸不平的片层状结构,致密性好,存在纵向裂纹、未充分融化颗粒和孔隙;X射线分析表明粉煤灰复合增强涂层有Al₂O₃、CeB₆、2MgO·SiO₂、3CaO·B₂O₃等新相生成,与热力学分析结果一致;在一定冲蚀时间和冲蚀角度下,不同冲蚀转速时ZG310-570基体表面粉煤灰复合增强涂层的相对耐冲蚀磨损性能比基体分别至少提高了20.41倍、22.43倍和23.17倍。