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2.
Zaidatul Akmal Othman Zaida Zakaria Joseph Bagi Suleiman Victor Udo Nna Aminah Che Romli Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali Mahaneem Mohamed 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(8)
Obesity and hyperlipidemia are major risk factors for developing vascular diseases. Bee bread (BB) has been reported to exhibit some biological actions, including anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic. This study aims to investigate whether bee bread can ameliorate vascular inflammation and impaired vasorelaxation activity through eNOS/NO/cGMP pathway in obese rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10/group), namely: control (normal group), obese rats (OB group), obese rats treated with bee bread (0.5 g/kg/day, OB/BB group) and obese rats treated with orlistat (10 mg/kg/day, OB/OR group). The latter three groups were given a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induced obesity before being administered with their respective treatments for another 6 weeks. After 12 weeks of the total experimental period, rats in the OB group demonstrated significantly higher Lee obesity index, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein), aortic proinflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κβ), aortic structural damage and impairment in vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh). Bee bread significantly ameliorated the obesity-induced vascular damage manifested by improvements in the lipid profile, aortic inflammatory markers, and the impaired vasorelaxation activity by significantly enhancing nitric oxide release, promoting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) immunoexpression. These findings suggest that the administration of bee bread ameliorates the impaired vasorelaxation response to ACh by improving eNOS/NO/cGMP-signaling pathway in obese rats, suggesting its vascular therapeutic role. 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACT: Grain of the soft white wheat cultivar Harus was harvested weekly from anthesis to maturity and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) contents were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Tests were carried out to determine the effect of adding immature wheat meal to a base flour of cultivar Russ (hard red spring) on the quality characteristics of bread. FOS content was also analyzed in baked bread, and the effect of transglutaminase in improving bread quality was examined. Marked decreases in FOS contents, such as 1-kestose and nystose, were observed with grain maturation. The overall quality of bread appeared to be acceptable, and the added FOS were retained after baking. 相似文献
4.
Effect of Flour Quality, Ascorbic Acid, and DATEM on Dough Rheological Parameters and Hearth Loaves Characteristics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT: The effects of protein quality, protein content, ascorbic acid, diacetyl tartaric acid ester of monoglyc-erides (DATEM), and their interactions on dough rheology and hearth bread properties were studied by size-exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography, Kieffer Dough & Gluten Extensibility Rig, and small-scale baking of hearth loaves. The effect of protein content was either positive or negative on hearth loaf characteristics, form ratio, and area, depending on the amount of the largest glutenin polymers in the flour. Ascorbic acid brought out the potential in the wheat flour known as protein quality. Ascorbic acid and DATEM strengthened the doughs and improved hearth bread characteristics. 相似文献
5.
6.
Nitrous oxide emission from upland crops and crop-soil systems in northeastern China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
X. Chen M.L. Cabrera L. Zhang J. Wu Y. Shi W.T. Yu S.M. Shen 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2002,62(3):241-247
Although it is known that crops can directly emit N2O, their contribution to the total N2O emission from crop-soil systems under field conditions is not well understood. This study was conducted to study the contribution
of crops to total N2O emission from soybean-soil and maize-soil systems in northeastern China. The effects of N fertilization on N2O emission and NO
3
−
-N concentration in plants were also studied. The emission from crop-soil systems was measured with the closed chamber method,
whereas the direct emission from crops was measured with the soil surface-sealed method. The addition of fertilizer N significantly
increased the NO
3
−
-N concentration in crops and enhanced the N2O emission from crop-soil systems and from crops alone. The amount of N2O emitted directly from soybean plants accounted for 6 to 11% of the total soybean-soil emission. Similarly, the amount of
N2O emitted directly from maize plants accounted for 8.5 to 16% of the total maize-soil emission. The proportion of the applied
N lost through direct N2O emission from plants ranged from 0.19 to 0.34%, whereas the proportion of the applied N lost through N2O emission from the crop-soil system ranged from 1.1 to1.9%. These results suggest that the use of chambers that do not include
plants may lead to an underestimation of the total N2O emission from crop-soil systems.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Robert A. Moreau David B. Johnston Kevin B. Hicks 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(11):1039-1044
All commercial corn oil is obtained by pressing corn germ and/or extracting the germ with hexane. In the current study, six
types of corn oil were prepared by extracting corn germ, corn fiber and ground corn, each with hexane or with ethanol. The
levels of lutein, zeaxanthin and other carotenoids were quantitatively analyzed in the six corn oils. The levels of lutein + zeaxanthin
in the oil ranged from 2.3 μg/g for hexane-extracted corn germ oil to 220.9 μg/g for ethanol-extracted ground corn oil. These
results indicate that a diet that includes 30 g (~2 tbsp) per day of the unrefined corn oil obtained by extracting ground
corn with ethanol would provide ~6 mg of lutein + zeaxanthin, the daily dosage that is currently considered to be necessary
to slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration.
Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information
and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
8.
硼在玉米中的分布特征及化学形态的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对施硼肥和不施硼肥的土壤上种植的玉米中硼的分布及化学形态进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,靠近根部的玉米叶子中含硼最多 ,中部和上部叶子中含硼量依次递减 ,玉米种子中的含硼量低于叶子中的含硼量。通过研究不同溶剂对玉米叶子和种子中硼的浸提能力 ,探明了以 10 %醋酸浸提下来的硼最多 ,其次是用 0 .0 1mol/LEDTA浸提下来的硼 ,用水浸提下来的硼的含量最少。 相似文献
9.
研究了面团坯的搓圆原理以及成形过程,通过对比分析传统搓圆机的工作原理,设计出一种新型柱状面包坯成形机.结果表明:新型面包成形机的结构简单、紧凑,可以使面团的内部组织结构更加细密,面团经过醒发后,气孔能在内部均匀膨胀,形成多孔膨松状的内部结构. 相似文献
10.
Crop residue,manure and fertilizer in dryland maize under reduced tillage in northern China: I grain yields and nutrient use efficiencies 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Xiaobin Wang Dianxiong Cai Willem B. Hoogmoed Udo D. Perdok Oene Oenema 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2007,79(1):1-16
The rapidly increasing population and associated quest for food and feed in China has led to increased soil cultivation and
nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, and as a consequence to increased wind erosion and unbalanced crop nutrition. In the study presented
here, we explored the long-term effects of various combinations of maize stover, cattle manure and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus
(P) fertilizer applications on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and nutrient and water use efficiencies under reduced tillage practices. In a companion paper, we present the effects
on nutrient balances and soil fertility characteristics. The ongoing factorial field trial was conducted at Shouyang Dryland
Farming Experimental Station in northern China from 1993 onwards. The incomplete, determinant-optimal design comprised 12
treatments, including a control treatment, in duplicate. Grain yields and N, P, and potassium (K) uptakes and N, P and K use
efficiencies were greatly influenced by the amount of rain during the growing season (GSR), and by soil water at sowing (SWS).
There were highly significant interactions between GSR and added stover and manure, expressed in complex annual variations
in grain yield and N, P and K use efficiencies. Annual mean grain yields ranged from 3,000 kg ha−1 to 10,000 kg ha−1 and treatment mean yields from 4,500 kg ha−1 to 7,000 kg ha−1. Balanced combination of stover (3,000–6,000 kg), manure (1,500–6,000 kg) and N fertilizer (105 kg) gave the highest yield.
Stover and manure were important for supplying K, but the effects differed greatly between years. Overall mean N recovery
efficiency (NRE) ranged from 28% to 54%, depending on N source. NRE in wet years ranged from 50% to 90%. In conclusion, balanced
combinations of stover, manure and NP fertilizer gave the highest yield and NRE. Reduced tillage with adding stover and manure
in autumn prior to ploughing is effective in minimizing labor requirement and wind erosion. The potentials of split applications
of N fertilizer, targeted to the need of the growing crop (response farming), should be explored to further increase the N
use efficiency. 相似文献