吐哈盆地巴喀油田特低渗砂岩油层裂缝分布特征

巴喀油田中侏罗统砂岩属特低渗透裂缝 孔隙型储集层 ,平均渗透率为 0 .3× 10 - 3μm2 ;地下基质岩块孔隙度为7.4%,渗透率为 0 .16× 10 - 3μm2 。砂岩储集层发育的主要裂缝类型有构造层理缝、正向正交缝、斜向正交缝和羽裂等 ,裂缝宽度一般为 0 .3～ 3 .2mm ,纵向切深为 0 .1～ 0 .8m ,水平延伸长度为 0 .2～ 2 .1m。裂缝以半充填为主 ,其分布受岩性、层厚和构造位置的影响 ,纵向、横向均呈带状分布 ,被裂缝切割而成的基质岩块尺寸取决于裂缝频率 ,岩块长轴方向以北西西向为主 ,与构造轴向基本一致。图 3表 4参 8     

中温换热器检查及修复方案

经分析认为中温换热器缺陷出现的主要原因是H2 S腐蚀。采取更换短管以及补焊上段下管板的措施进行修复 ,取得了满意的效果     

微分中值定理的推广及应用

微分中值定理的应用广泛，本文将较系统的归纳总结并加以推广。详细地阐述了微分中值定理的应用并加以分类，从理论和实际的结合上阐明微分中值定理的重要性。     

南水北调中线工程源头生态环境的综合治理

对南水北调水源地生态现状调查研究后认为 ,丹江口水库上游的生态质量不能满足中线工程的要求 ,为了有效地遏制生态的进一步恶化 ,水源地应当从南水北调大局出发 ,全面启动丹江口水库上游生态治理工程 ,并积极主动地调整产业结构 ,大力发展绿色农业和替代产业 ,并建议妥善解决移民问题 ,解决生态建设的后顾之忧。     

Use of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy to predict spoilage bacteria on aerobically stored chicken breast fillets

In this research work we explored the potential of mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy to determine spoilage microorganism on the surface of chicken breast fillets that were kept aerobically at 5 °C for 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 days, and at 15 °C for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 days. It is shown that MIR spectroscopy (4000 – 1000 cm⁻¹ range) coupled with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory can be used directly on the surface of meat samples to produce fingerprints. Culture dependent methods were used to determine total viable count (TVC), Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae and Brochothrix thermosphacta on chicken breast fillets at each step of the 2 kinetics. In parallel, MIR spectra were recorded. For each kinetic, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA) results showed 100% of good classifications for the six investigated storage times using 4 PLS factors. PLS regression was carried out to predict the microbial counts from the MIR spectral data. Using PLS model with four factors, good correlation (R² = 0.99) and very small root mean squares error of validation (between 0.01 and 0.97 log cfu/cm²) showed a strong correlation between MIR spectral data sets and the results obtained using traditional methods.     

中高渗复杂断块油田提高水驱采收率技术

中高渗复杂断块油藏在中国陆上已开发油田中占有较大比例，目前开发水平不一，Ⅲ类开发水平油藏的比例较高，提高水驱采收率潜力较大。从开发初期调整完整注采井网、扩边增储、剩余汪研究有配套挖潜技术等方面，对中高渗复杂断块油田不同开发阶段提高水驱采收率做法和效果进行了总结与分析；针对剩余油分布形式及提高采收率潜力的分布，从地震技术、油表细描述技术、水平井钻井技术等方面，提出了中高渗复杂断块油田进一步提高水驱采收率的主导措施。     

锑化镓基半导体激光器高效率光束整形

锑化镓基半导体激光器发光波长为1.8～4微米,因为具有体积小、重量轻和电流驱动等优势,应用范围很广。但是单管激光器并不能提供满足实际应用的激光功率,因此需要将已经成功应用于近红外半导体激光器的光束合成方法移植到中红外波段。在各种光束合成方法中,高效率的光束整形都是重要基础。展示了一种采用多只单管半导体器件的高效率光束整形方法,并在实验中实现了1.94微米波长1.93瓦连续光功率输出,整形效率高于90%。这个光束整形方法可以用于构建更复杂的光谱或相干光束合成。     

Improving GERB scene identification using SEVIRI: Infrared dust detection strategy

The combination of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) and the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instruments on Meteosat-8 provides a powerful new tool for detecting aerosols and estimating their radiative effect at high temporal and spatial resolution. However, at present no specific aerosol treatment is performed in the GERB processing chain, severely limiting the use of the data for aerosol studies. A particular problem relates to the misidentification of Saharan dust outbreaks as cloud which can bias the shortwave and longwave fluxes. In this paper an algorithm is developed which employs multiple-linear regression, using information from selected thermal infrared SEVIRI channels, to detect dust aerosol over ocean and provide an estimate of the optical depth at 0.55 μm (τ₀₅₅). To test the performance of the algorithm, it has been applied to a number of dust events observed by SEVIRI during March and June 2004. The results are compared to co-located MODIS observations taken from the Terra and Aqua platforms, and ground based observations from the Cape Verde AERONET site. In terms of detection capability, employing the algorithm results in a notable improvement in the routine GERB scene identification. Locations identified by MODIS as being likely to be dust contaminated were originally classified as cloud in over 99.5% of the cases studied. With the application of the detection algorithm approximately 60-70% of these points are identified as dusty depending on the dust model employed. The algorithm is also capable of detecting dust in regions and at times which would be excluded when using shortwave observations, due for example to the presence of sun-glint, or through the night. We further investigate whether the algorithm is capable of generating useful information concerning the aerosol loading. Comparisons with co-located retrievals from the SEVIRI 0.6 μm solar reflectance band observations show a level of agreement consistent with that expected from the simulations, with rms differences of between 0.5 and 0.8, and a mean bias ranging from − 0.5 to 0.3 dependent on the dust representation employed in the algorithm. Temporally resolved comparisons with observations from the Capo Verde AERONET site through the months of March and June reinforce these findings, but also indicate that the algorithm is capable of discerning the diurnal pattern in aerosol loading. The algorithm has now been incorporated within the routine GERB processing in detection mode, and will be used to provide an experimental aerosol product for assessment by the scientific community.     

“西气东输”与我国石油安全

“西气东输”对开发西部、发展西部经济、优化我国能源结构、改善环境有重要意义。中国油气资源的短缺是一个不争的事实。为了弥补我国油气资源短缺 ,也为了我国石油安全和国家安全 ,我们要以“西气东输”为契机 ,大力发展天然气工业 ,建立陆上国际油气运输通道 ,充分利用俄罗斯和中亚地区的丰富天然气资源。连接“西气东输”管线与国外 (特别是中亚 )输气管线将是我国 2 1世纪的有重大战略意义的决策     

21世纪中叶西南国际诸河水能资源开发设想

西南国际诸河包括澜沧江、怒江、红河和伊落瓦底江,4大流域在我国境内总流域面积约41万km^2,本文论述诸流域水能资源量分布特点及其开发利用条件,开发程度,根据化、西南地区各（区）21世纪中叶经济发展,电力规划和区域电网结构设计的可能性,开发西部水能资源,实现了“西电东送”的目标,提出分阶段水电开发设想,重点是21世纪前20年。西南国际诸河水能资源丰富,根据初步复核的技术可开发装机容量为5298．17万KW,年发电量2577．44亿KW.h。装机容量按河流分澜沧江57．71％,怒江占30．38％、红河和伊洛瓦底河两江仅占11．91％,至1995年开发程度仅为4．93％,说明西南国际诸河尚有大量的水能资源待开发。为加快我国西南部地区经济的发展,促进东西部经济共同繁荣,必须加大西南国际诸河的水能资源开发利用,这也符合目前国家的西部开发策略。