Solvent fractionation of hard palm stearin to increase the concentration of tripalmitoylglycerol and dipalmitoyl-stearoyl-glycerol as substrates for synthesis of human milk fat substitute

This research aimed to produce triacylglycerols fraction rich in palmitic acid (PA) at the sn-2 position from hard palm stearin (HPS) through acetone fractionation. Fractionations were done at HPS-to-acetone ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7 (w/v) and at temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C for 3 h. Triacylglycerols with PA at the sn-2 position, such as tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP) and dipalmitoyl-stearoyl-glycerol (PPS), were concentrated in the solid fraction, obtained after separation by filtration. The optimal fractionation conditions were at a HPS-to-acetone ratio of 1:5 (w/v) and 30 °C. The total PPP and PPS content was more than 91%, with a corresponding yield of more than 59%. Triacylglycerols obtained were composed of more than 91% PA in which 88% were at the sn-2 position. Conclusively, the solvent fractionation is a suited alternative method for the preparation of triacylglycerols used for the enzymatic synthesis of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol which is the main triacylglycerol for human milk fat substitute.     

Companies

Net earnings after pre-tax profits. Profiles include: Anadarko Petroleum, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil, Occidental, Schlumberger, YPF SA, EnCana Corporation, Imperial Oil, Petroleo Brasileiro, Total SA, E.ON, ENI, Repsol, Ecopetrol SA, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Devon Energy Corporation. BP, Shell, BHP Billiton, CNOOC, Sinopec and PetroChina. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Genetic diversity by AFLP analysis within Jatropha curcas L. populations in the State of São Paulo,Brazil

The genetic diversity of 5 populations of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), a species cultivated in tropical countries and used in biodiesel production, was analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Plants from distinct populations found in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, had their genetic diversity characterized by using three primer combinations. The number of polymorphic bands obtained reached 184 and the base pair length of bands ranged from 75 to 350, with average PIC values of 0.418. Accessions from the Aguas de Santa Barbara population presented the highest percentage of polymorphic loci (89.76%), followed by the populations of Catanduva (84.24%), Jales (80.98%), Jurucê (78.80%) and Taquaritinga (70.65%). Plants collected from the populations of Taquaritinga and Jales presented the smallest and highest genetic diversities, respectively, measured by using both Nei's genetic variability index (h = 0.2242 and 0.2973) and Shannon's index (I = 0.3359 and 0.4319). The results obtained indicated that 73.1% of genetic variability corresponds to intrapopulational variation and 26.8% to variation among populations. The clustering dendrogram using Jacquard showed four clusters. Three clusters with low genetic diversity grouped most of individuals collected in distinct regions (63.3% JU, 47.0% JA and 82.5% TA) and the fourth with the higher genetic diversity was composed with basically individuals collected in CA and AS, but it also had samples collected in JU, JA and TA, where it is possible to select individuals to be included in breeding programs.     

致密油藏注天然气提高采收率研究现状

随着我国石油需求量不断增加,致密油藏的开发也愈发重要。如何高效开发致密油藏是一项重点难点,其中致密油藏注天然气提高采收率是一个极具潜力的研究方向。因此,本文着重介绍以天然气作为能量补充介质在国内外的研究现状和应用现状,并且从两相特征等方面总结了理论研究中的一些机理,对致密油藏注天然气提高采收率的发展前景进行了一定的展望。     

土壤中石油污染物的脱附过程

文章中主要采用有机溶剂萃取法（OSE）对高浓度石油污染土壤进行修复，经过精馏操作，有效回收原油，建立脱附等温曲线，研究了石油污染物在土壤-有机溶剂两相间的迁移规律。     

油气集输站场生活污水土地处理技术

通过对土地处理系统的介绍，结合油气站场污水的特点，分析了不同土地处理技术在实际中的设置情况和方式，给出一般的面积计算方法和结果，总结了土地处理的技术特点和应用前景。     

气测录井定量快速色谱分析技术

为了推动气测录井定量快速色谱分析技术在钻井现场广泛应用,该文从定量快速色谱与常规色谱的比较入手,在阐述定量快速色谱仪工作原理的基础上,探讨了定量快速色谱技术三个方面的优势——薄油气层的发现与评价、快速钻进条件下发现油气层以及加入钻井液添加剂条件下识别真假油气显示。相信随着定量快速色谱分析技术的应用,油气层发现与评价的准确率会得到很大提高。     

哈得4联合站技术改造

位于塔克拉玛干大沙漠腹地的哈得4油田,2004年成为全国最大的沙漠油田,2005年产量达到200×104t。在对联合站存在问题逐一分析的基础上,提出了技术改造的措施。现场采集的运行数据表明技术改造效果明显,增强了流程可靠性,提高了自动化水平,降低了能耗。     

三种常用面积注水井网的比较与选择

本较系统地分析了三种常用面积井网系统的注水特点。指明了五点井网系统是面积井网中最强化的一种注水方式，适用于低渗透与特低渗透油藏的注水开发。     

CL－1型缓蚀剂的研制

为了阻缓高含水原油对集输管线的腐蚀，研制了ＣＬ－１型输油管线缓蚀剂。这种缓蚀剂是以两种咪唑啉衍生物与联氨为主要成分的复配药剂，运用于油水共在体系．本文介绍了该剂的室内性能评价和现场试验结果。