SEM observation of the “orange peel effect” of materials

This study investigated the peculiar “orange peel” effect often observed in nanomaterials using high-resolution scanning electron microscopes. The study used different materials, including semiconductor thin films and ceramic nanoparticles. The investigation established that the “orange peel” is of an artifact caused by the metallic coating of the samples in sample preparation. This discovery is important in eliminating the misinterpretation of such effect on the true surface feature of materials, hence avoiding the confusion in the discussion of the properties of nanomaterials.     

Agricultural use of three organic residues: effect on orange production and on properties of a soil of the ‘Comarca Costa de Huelva’ (SW Spain)

Disposal of urban, agricultural and industrial organic residues impliesan increasing problem because of all the economic and environmentalrepercussions involved. One of the most adequate ways of managing this problemis the agricultural use of these wastes as organic amendments. Three organicresidues (AC, olive mill waste water sludge compost; MWC, municipal solid wastecompost; and PS, paper mill sludge) were used in a 3-year field experimentinvolving orange production. The effect of their application on crop productionand on soil quality was investigated. Soil samples (0–20 cm depth)collected 11 months after the last soil amendment were analysed for: pH and EC,Kjeldahl-N, available-P, available-K, total organic carbon, humic substances,dehydrogenase, phosphatase, -glucosidase, urease andbenzoyl-argininamidehydrolysing protease (BAA-protease) activities. Generally, the application of the MWC and PSincreased orange yield when compared to control. Moreover, total organic carbonand humic substances significantly increased in soils treated with all theorganic amendments. Organic fertilisation increased the Kjeldahl-N andavailable-P contents of the soil. The application of the organic residues also causedsignificant increases in dehydrogenase, -glucosidase, urease andBAA-protease activities of the soil. Significant positive correlations (p <0.01) between these enzymatic activities and total organic carbon were foundforall treatments. Significant positive correlation between dehydrogenase, urease,-glucosidase, and BAA-protease and orange yield was also found. However,a clear inhibition of phosphatase activity was observed in soils treated withPS. The results indicate that the repeated application to the soil of moderateamounts of organic amendments has positive effects on the chemical andbiochemical properties of the soil, as well as on the orange yield.     

改性膨润土对甲基橙的吸附

在用Cu^2 A‘^3 Fe^3 对膨润土改性中，Fe^3 改性的膨润土对甲基橙的吸附性能最好，在振荡20分钟后即可达到吸附平衡。pH=3～7、用量为3g／L、25℃时对甲基橙的吸附量达到最大，在pH=7及常温条件下，铁基膨润土的用量为11g／L时，对浓度为250mg／L甲基橙的吸附量和去除率分别为22.2mg／g98．6％；对浓度为40mg／L的甲基橙去除率达97.1％。     

高铁酸盐降解偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ的研究

为研究高铁酸盐对废水的处理效果,以试验的方式研究了高效净水剂高铁酸盐对偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ的脱色效果,考察了紫外光照射、高铁酸钠浓度、pH值、添加剂对脱色效果的影响.结果表明,在原水样浓度为50 mg/L,高铁酸盐含量10 mg/L,NaHCO3浓度0.01 mol/L,在中性条件下处理30 min,脱色率可以达到94%左右.紫外光照射能有效提高染料的脱色速率;相同条件下脱色率可达97%以上,表明紫外光和高铁酸盐联合使用对染料的降解速率大大提高,产生了明显的协同作用.     

活性炭纤维负载Ag3PO4光催化剂的可见光催化性能

用湿化学沉淀法将Ag3PO4沉积在活性炭纤维(ACF)上制备复合光催化剂Ag3PO4/ACF,采用BET比表面积法和扫描电子显微镜分析对样品进行表征,通过在可见光下降解橙Ⅱ检测样品的光催化活性.结果表明,Ag3PO4/ACF的光催化活性比纯Ag3PO4提高了32％,主要是Ag3PO4/ACF具有更为精细的Ag3PO4晶体束,且分布更均匀,对污染物的吸附能力增强以及Ag3PO4与ACF有紧密的接触界面.Ag3PO4/ACF对橙Ⅱ的降解率随着投加量的增大而提高,最佳投加量为1 000mg/L.随着染料初始pH的增大,Ag3PO4/ACF对橙Ⅱ的降解率逐渐下降,强酸环境较有利于降解染料废水.在Ag3PO4/ACF循环使用4次后,其对橙Ⅱ的降解率由99％下降到59％.     

亚硫酸盐对偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ的脱色效能及机理研究

利用亚硫酸盐对典型偶氮染料——橙黄Ⅱ(AO7)进行脱色,发现亚硫酸盐浓度升高有助于AO7的快速去除,在90 min内降解率达到95%以上。通入空气会造成部分SO23-被氧化,降低了AO7的降解率。温度升高和中性p H值条件有利于AO7的降解;高浓度亚硫酸盐条件下AO7初始浓度对其降解影响不大,低浓度亚硫酸盐对AO7的降解率则随AO7初始浓度的升高而降低。亚硫酸盐是一种亲核试剂,它对AO7的脱色是迈克尔加成的结果,并且在亚硫酸盐过量时能达到不可逆的脱色效果。     

回收废聚苯乙烯泡沫的研究

针对目前白色污染日益严重的状况,采用桔子油溶解回收废聚苯乙烯泡沫,通过实验探讨了影响聚苯乙烯泡沫回收的因素,如PS的浓度、沉淀剂的体积、助剂的体积等,利用正交实验对回收聚苯乙烯泡沫和桔子油的最佳条件进行了探讨。该工艺不经热处理,性能不会改变,聚苯乙烯泡沫和桔子油的回收率均可达90％以上,对环境友好。     

橘子果糕的研制

以橘子为原料,用卡拉胶、软糖粉复配型胶凝剂生产橘子果糕,所得产品色泽透明,风味优良,有较好的咬劲。     

超声波法提取橘皮中黄酮物质的研究

本文研究在超声波的作用下,用乙醇溶液提取橘皮中的黄酮物质。最佳提取工艺条件为：超声波功率为150W、超声时间为20min、乙醇浓度为70％、料液比为1：20时,黄酮提取率可以达0．1174％以上。