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1.
Sung-Eun Lee 《Journal of Stored Products Research》2002,38(2):157-166
The fumigant toxicities of lavender and ylang-ylang essential oils were tested against a chlorpyrifos-methyl resistant strain (QVOS102) and an insecticide-susceptible reference strain (VOS48) of the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). The resistant strain showed 1.3- and 1.6-fold higher tolerance against lavender and ylang-ylang fumigation toxicity, respectively, relative to the susceptible strain. LT50 values calculated as the time to attain 50% mortality of tested insects during fumigation were determined at two different concentrations. At 15 μl/l of air, QVOS102 had 2.9- and 1.4-fold higher LT50 values for lavender and ylang-ylang fumigation toxicity, respectively, than VOS48. At 200 μl/l air, QVOS102 had 6.4- and 2.9-fold higher LT50 values for lavender and ylang-ylang fumigation toxicity, respectively, than VOS48. Piperonyl butoxide, a potential inhibitor of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase, increased fumigant toxicities of the two essential oils against QVOS102. The enhanced tolerance for the essential oil may have resulted from the enhancement of detoxifying enzymes associated with insecticide resistance. 相似文献
2.
A.H. Sousa L.R.D'A. Faroni M.A.G. Pimentel R.N.C. Guedes 《Journal of Stored Products Research》2009,45(4):241-246
Phosphine resistance positively contributes towards an individual's fitness under phosphine fumigation. However, phosphine resistance may place resistant individuals at a fitness disadvantage in the absence of this fumigant, which can be exploited to halt or slow down the spread of resistance. This study aimed to determine if there is a fitness cost associated with phosphine resistance in populations of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)), the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)) and the sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)). The developmental rate and population growth of phosphine-resistant and -susceptible populations of these three species of stored-product insects were therefore determined under phosphine-free environment. The majority of the phosphine-resistant populations exhibited lower developmental and population growth rates than the susceptible populations indicating that phosphine resistance is associated with fitness cost in all three species, which can potentially compromise the fixation and dispersal of the resistant genotypes. Nonetheless, some phosphine-resistant populations did not show a fitness cost. Therefore, resistance management strategies based on suppression of phosphine use aiming at eventual reestablishment of phosphine susceptibility and subsequent reintroduction of this fumigant will be useful only for insect populations exhibiting a fitness cost associated with phosphine resistance. Therefore recognition of the prevailing phosphine-resistant genotypes in a region is important to direct the management tactics to be adopted. 相似文献
3.
In this study, flow cytometry was used for assessing and comparing the genome size (GS) and the whole genome base composition (AT/GC ratio) of the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). In addition, the presence and frequency of endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria was studied. The haploid GS was estimated to lie within the range of 151.5-154 Mbp in O. surinamensis, making it the smallest value of haploid GS known among beetles. Furthermore, it was found that in eight silo pest populations GS was significantly smaller than in eight feral (native) populations obtained from fallen oak acorns. The ability of O. surinamensis to colonize different habitats globally could be connected with an unusually AT-rich (for an invertebrate) genome (AT-base content ranging from 68 to 76%). Native (feral) populations of O. surinamensis appear to have genetically diverged from the storage-pest populations tested. Larvae of pest origin survived better than larvae of native (feral) origin under laboratory conditions, which resembled silo conditions more than natural habitats. 相似文献
4.
曹阳 《河南工业大学学报(自然科学版)》1987,(2)
本文报导了用中草药辽细辛粉对仓库害虫锯谷盗毒性的初步研究结果:用2·0g/10Og大米和6·0g/100/g.大米的剂量分别处理锯谷盗成虫,一个月后,校正死亡率分别为9%和36%.处理样品中几乎没有锯谷盗幼虫出现. 相似文献
5.
Christian Nansen Lucy E.E. Barton Maria Nansen 《Journal of Stored Products Research》2007,43(4):417-424
Crack and crevice treatments are important in modern stored-beetle management, because: (1) pests are abundant in such microhabitats, (2) they potentially deliver insecticides to insect pests without contaminating food products, and (3) they can significantly reduce the need for broadcast spray applications and/or fumigations. As part of on-going research into the development of novel insecticide delivery systems to be used in processed and unprocessed food environments, we examined uptake and behavioural responses of Oryzaephilus surinamensis to an electrostatically chargeable powder, EntostatTM. Entostat is a processed plant wax and has been identified as a potential carrier for active ingredients to be delivered to cracks and crevices in food facilities. Depending upon the initial Entostat concentration in rolled oats, 0.03–0.26 μg powder was extracted from individual beetles 72 h after being transferred from treated to untreated food. SEM images showed that Entostat adhered to all body parts, including joints, between body segments, and at the insertions of body hairs. Choice experiments showed that O. surinamensis individuals were repelled, when rolled oats in cracks contained >5% Entostat. In a three-choice experiment cracks contained: (1) untreated oats, (2) oats mixed with 5% (w/w) Entostat, or (3) oats mixed with 5% (w/w) Entostat and a piece of filter paper containing a beetle attractant which was also inserted into the crack. The beetle attractant did not significantly increase the attractiveness of the crack in which it was applied, but the average powder uptake of beetles from cracks treated with the attractant was significantly higher than from the other cracks. Results presented here suggested that Entostat adhering to insects was retained over several days and that considerable amounts of Entostat were taken up even when beetles were offered a choice between treated and untreated cracks. 相似文献
6.
The fumigant toxicities of eucalyptus essential oil and 1,8-cineole, the major component of eucalyptus oil, were tested against a chlorpyrifos-methyl resistant strain and a reference strain of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The resistant strain showed 1.9- and 2.2-fold higher tolerance against essential oil and 1,8-cineole fumigation toxicity, respectively, relative to the susceptible strain. The increased tolerance for the essential oil may be the result of cross-resistance. The resistance mechanisms in the resistant strain are discussed in relation to elevated detoxifying enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and esterases. 相似文献
7.
M. R. Stubbs J. Chambers S. B. Schofield J. P. G. Wilkins 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(5):565-581
Vacuum distillation of heat-treated carobs gave an aqueous, colorless, sweet-smelling distillate which was tested over a wide range of concentrations and found to be highly attractive to adultOryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The materials responsible for the aroma were isolated from the distillate by saturating with sodium chloride and extracting into diethyl ether as separate acidic, neutral, and basic fractions. The extraction efficiency was checked by recombining portions of the three fractions and replacing the diethyl ether with water to give a reconstituted distillate; this was almost as attractive as the original distillate. Bioassay of aqueous solutions of the three separate fractions showed that the acidic was attractive, while the neutral and basic had little effect. The five major components of the acidic fraction were found to be acetic, isobutyric,n-butyric, 2-methylbutyric, and hexanoic (caproic) acids. Bioassay of these in aqueous solution, both separately and combined, showed that hexanoic acid was the most attractive and may be responsible for both the longer-lasting attractive effect of the carob distillate and for the effectiveness of carobs themselves used in bait bags to detect stored product insects. 相似文献
8.
The insect's response to various living substrates is an important determinant for their life history and demography reflected in their feeding and egg-laying preferences. However, research on polyphagous stored product insects such as the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), are largely focused on cereal grains neglecting its alternative hosts. Therefore, this study examines the effect of a range of 16 host substrates including dry fruits, nuts, oil and legume seeds on insect development, survival, and adult emergence of the sawtoothed grain beetle, besides of also determining the feeding substrate weight loss. Overall, the feeding substrates exhibited a significant and different effect on O. surinamensis, except egg incubation time and length of the pupal period. The longest larval periods were observed on legumes followed by oilseeds and (dry) fruits. The highest survival and adult emergence were recorded on fruits and nuts, except raisin, but significantly lower than when fed on legume seeds, including soybean. The losses in fruits and nuts were higher, particularly on almonds and cashew. Larva development was inversely correlated to survival and adult emergence, which were positively correlated to substrate loss. Our study indicated that several non-grain commodities such as (dry) fruits and nuts are rather suitable substrates for the population growth of O. surinamensis, an additional concern for in international trade. 相似文献
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10.
Volatiles of the diethyl ether extracts of I. gabonensis, C. lanatus and A. hypogaea attracted 1–7 and 28–42-day-old adult O. mercator when tested in a two-choice pitfall Petri dish bioassay. For both age groups, a significant difference was observed in response between fed and starved adults to the different extracts. Differences in starvation time did not affect responses of individuals in the 1–7-day-old group; a significant effect was observed in the 28–42-day-old group.
Adults, 28–42-day-old were significantly more responsive to virtually all extracts than 1–7-day-old adults. Responses of adults in each age group to the different extracts were not significantly different. The time of trial within the period 0900–1900 h did not significantly affect the response of adults in both age groups, starved for 2 days, to any extract. 相似文献