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排序方式: 共有262条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
William W. Bowerman Amy S. Roe Michael J. Gilbertson David A. Best James G. Sikarskie Rachel S. Mitchell Cheryl L. Summer 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2002,7(3):183-187
The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is one of the most studied birds of North America, and a great amount of natural life‐history information, including the response of various stressors on the eagles' ability to reproduce, are well known. In Michigan, the eagle has been chosen to track the trends of bioaccumulative compounds of concern across watersheds in the state. The state has been divided into major watersheds, and 20% of these are surveyed each year. A control area in northern Minnesota, Voyageurs National Park, is also sampled annually. We report here on the methods used, the preliminary results of the 1999 field season, and how differences in mercury concentrations varied over a 10‐year period. Mercury in feathers of nestling eagles declined over time only in Lakes Michigan and Huron, but have not decreased among other subpopulations in Michigan. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 4,4′‐DDE in blood plasma from nestling eagles have declined over time for most subpopulations; however, they remain greater for breeding areas associated with the Great Lakes' food web. Sea eagles of the genus Haliaeetus are a good sentinel species to track trends in bioaccumulative compounds in aquatic systems. 相似文献
2.
V. Elliott Smith John M. Spurr John C. Filkins Jody J. Jones 《Journal of Great Lakes research》1985,11(3):231-246
Organochlorine analysis was performed on carcasses of 13 diving ducks from a 1981 wintering population that foraged on contaminated sediments in the lower Detroit River. Mean total PCB concentrations were 10 mg/kg for seven lesser scaups (Aythya affinis), 11 mg/kg for three greater scaups (A. marila), and 7.6 mg/kg for three goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula). Highest mean levels of other residues were measured for hexachlorobenzene (1.7 mg/kg) in goldeneyes, and transnonachlor (0.33 mg/kg) and 4,4’-DDE (1.3 mg/kg) in greater scaup. Quantitative analysis of 72 PCB congeners also was applied to water, seston, sediment, benthie oligochaetes, and carp from the same site. Principal congeners in most of the samples included some of the more toxic and persistent PCBs. Results of a multivariate analysis indicated that ratios of more conservative to less conservative PCBs did not vary significantly among ducks (α = .05), but differed from those in carp, oligochaetes, and sediment. For the February through March period of fat mobilization, concentrations of total PCB in lipid were inversely correlated with percent lipid (r = 0.76) in ducks. The percentage of conservative PCBs increased slightly. The distribution and partitioning of organochlorines, including toxic PCB congeners, varied considerably within this water column-sediment-fauna ecosystem. Estimates of toxic exposure based on total PCB values may be unreliable. 相似文献
3.
Soft sediments from the Detroit River were analyzed for the USEPA priority pollutants to generally characterize contaminant distribution. Forty-three were detected. Highest heavy metal concentrations were found in the Trenton Channel and immediately downstream of Grosse Ile. They ranged from an area mean (N = 2) of 0.19 mg/kg mercury to 338.7 mg/kg zinc (dry weight). Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from 0.1 mg/kg to 38.8 mg/kg (mean, N = 2) with the highest levels near Grosse Ile. PCBs ranged from 0.015 mg/kg to 1.7 mg/kg (mean, N = 2). Organochlorine pesticides were not detected except for a trace of heptachlor in one sample. Sediment contamination in the Detroit River is widespread with higher concentrations on the U.S. side downstream of the Rouge River and in the Trenton Channel. The significance of these in-place pollutants to biota and as a source to Lake Erie is still unknown. 相似文献
4.
5.
探讨了几种具代表性的无机盐离子对鼠李糖脂(RL)增溶2,2’,4,4’-四氯联苯的影响。结果表明,适当增加Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+的浓度对RL增溶2,2’,4,4’CB有显著的促进作用,且Mg2+的促进作用比Na+的大,但当Mg2+浓度大于0.8 mmol/L时,促进作用减弱。当Ca2+浓度超过0.2mmol/L时,RL开始产生沉淀,导致RL对2,2’,4,4’CB的增溶作用逐渐降低。无机阴离子对RL增溶2,2’,4,4’CB的影响很小。 相似文献
6.
G. C. Morrison H. V. Andersen L. Gunnarsen D. Varol E. Uhde B. Kolarik 《Indoor air》2018,28(1):188-197
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination of buildings continues to pose an exposure threat, even decades after their application in the form of calks and other building materials. In this research, we investigate the ability of clothing to sorb PCBs from contaminated air and thereby influence exposure. The equilibrium concentration of PCB‐28 and PCB‐52 was quantified for nine used clothing fabrics exposed for 56 days to air in a Danish apartment contaminated with PCBs. Fabric materials included pure materials such as cotton and polyester, or blends of polyester, cotton, viscose/rayon, and/or elastane. Air concentrations were fairly stable over the experimental period, with PCB‐28 ranging from 350 to 430 ng/m3 and PCB‐52 ranging from 460 to 550 ng/m3. Mass accumulated in fabric ranged from below detection limits to 4.5 mg/g of fabric. Cotton or materials containing elastane sorbed more than polyester materials on a mass basis. Mass‐normalized partition coefficients above detection limits ranged from 105.7 to 107.0 L/kg. Clothing acts as a reservoir for PCBs that extends dermal exposure, even when outside or in uncontaminated buildings. 相似文献
7.
多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs)是由一个或多个氯原子取代联苯分子中氢原子而形成的一类有机化合物的总称,具有持久性、高富集性和生物毒性等特点。普通人群摄入PCBs的主要途径是通过食物摄入,尤其是动物源性食品。PCBs可能会对人类和动物神经发育、生殖、消化、免疫等系统造成不利影响,对人类身体健康具有严重危害。本文对近5年食品中PCBs检测技术研究进行了综述,系统地梳理了样品前处理及各种测定技术的现状,对这些方法的创新性、局限性等进行了总结,并对食品中PCBs检测技术未来的发展进行了展望,为进一步降低和控制食品中的PCBs含量提供了参考。 相似文献
8.
PCBs and OCPs in human milk and selected foods from Luqiao and Pingqiao in Zhejiang, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study was conducted to measure the levels of 23 PCB congeners and 6 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in human milk and three food types collected from Luqiao and Pingqiao in Zhejiang Province, China. An effort was also made to explore the potential health risk for the mothers and breast-fed infants living in these two localities. Luqiao was selected as the sampling site because it is the largest place for the disassembly of obsolete transformers and electrical waste in China. Pingqiao, located 100 km NW of Luqiao, is not known to be a place for any electronic or electrical waste and hence was chosen as the control site. Both localities are important agricultural places in the province. The organochlorines were measured in the samples using the GC-muECD technique. Micro-EROD bioassay method was also used as a complement of the chemical analysis to estimate the TEQ levels of dioxin-like PCBs in human milk. The data showed that the human milk, rice, hen egg, and fish samples from Luqiao were more heavily contaminated with PCBs than those from Pingqiao, suggesting that the mothers and their breast-fed infants in Luqiao tended to receive greater exposure to PCBs than those living in Pingqiao. The OCP levels in the two localities were found comparable, suggesting that the major source of contamination with these pesticides was from their agricultural uses. Significant correlation (R2 = 0.87, P<0.001) of PCB TEQs was found between the bioassay and chemical analysis method, suggesting that micro-EROD is an effective method for comprehensive determination of TEQ levels in human milk. Comparison with literature data showed that the PCB levels in milk samples from Luqiao were significantly higher than those from localities in other Chinese provinces and comparable to those in developed or industrialized countries. 相似文献
9.
二噁英、多氯联苯和氯丙醇的痕量与超痕量检测技术研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
吴永宁 《中国食品卫生杂志》2005,17(6):481-486
为建立食品中二噁英、多氯联苯和氯丙醇的检测技术并达到国际水平,将稳定性同位素稀释质谱技术应用到中国食品安全和环境分析领域,针对不同目标化合物分别建立了高分辩磁质谱、四极杆低分辩质谱和离子阱串联质谱的标准化检测技术,特别是采用双同位素稀释同时测定4种氯丙醇的技术。通过对EPA1613A/1668A、FDA4084和EPSI/RM/31、AOAC2000.01等国际先进方法用食品(鱼、鱼油、鹿肉、奶粉和猪油)和环境样品(飞灰、土壤和底泥)开展对比筛选和一系列实验室闻协同性验证,确立了二噁英和多氯联苯的稳定性同位素稀释质谱检测方法,建立了用双稳定性同位素进行酱油中单氯取代和双氯取代氯丙醇同时测定的方法,提出了符合国际规范的技术方案,作为国家标准方法待颁布。利用该检测技术在中国首次开展鱼贝类和土壤中污染的二噁英和多氯联苯同系物类型特征指纹库研究和酱油中氯丙醇的大规模调查,获得了中国人群膳食二噁英毒性当量和氯丙醇摄入状况的暴露数据,不仅证明所建立的方法实用、可行,也为我国履行承诺摸清了家底,提供了依据。 相似文献
10.
The contamination of the River Seine (France) and its main tributaries (Yonne, Marne, Oise) have been studied, under different hydrological conditions, at the end of spring before the low watermark and at the beginning of autumn after the first swelling of flow.The sector under study consists of the Seine basin, centered on the Paris area; the variability of PCB concentration in water, apart from flow dependence, shows that important lateral discharges are involved. The pollution level is particularly noticeable at Paris and downstream from Paris and the median concentration in sediments reaches 3800 ng l−1 (ppb). Data on particulate organic carbon and various grain size fractions show the PCB to be preferentially adsorbed on organic-rich sedimentary particles.Partition coefficients between particulate matter and liquid phase have been computed and show that the liquid phase has the main role in micropollutant transport. 相似文献