Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. extracts: evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative activity and their ability to reduce microbial growth on fresh‐cut salad

With the aim to develop natural preservatives displaying also chemopreventive activity, different Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. extracts were studied. Myrrh essential oils, obtained by steam distillation and microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation, and several other extracts, obtained by sequential procedures with petroleum ether (PE), ethanol, ethyl acetate and butanol, have been screened for their antioxidant (DPPH· scavenging assay) and antiproliferative activity (on both nontumour and colon cancer cell lines) without previous purification. Considering that the colon cancer cell lines were more sensitive to PE and ethanol extracts, the latter of which showed the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 = 0.160 ± 0.008 mg mL^?1), both have been selected for further antibacterial/antifungal activity tests using an antimicrobial diffusion test and a growth inhibition test on salads. Results showed that the ethanol extract possessed the higher antibacterial and antifungal activity. Compared to untreated product, fresh‐cut salads treated with these two myrrh extracts displayed a significant lower bacterial growth. Although further investigation is required, these promising results offer hints as how to improve the shelf life of fresh‐cut salad.     

Food safety and microbiological quality aspects of QDS process® and high pressure treatment of fermented fish sausages

A new fermented fish sausage product, based on monkfish, was developed by using an accelerated drying process, the QDS process^®. To evaluate food safety, a challenge test was performed, in which the raw materials were inoculated with low levels of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica (≤150 CFU/g). The product was manufactured, fermented, QDS dried, and half of the samples were pressurized (600 MPa, 5 min, 13 °C). Pathogens, technological microbiota, spoilage indicator bacteria from fish (hydrogen sulphite producing bacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli) and physicochemical parameters were monitored during manufacturing and after 6, 13, 20 and 27 days of refrigerated storage at 4 and 8 °C. Results showed that in the finished product, pathogens and spoilage indicator bacteria could not grow but decreased and E. coli was not detected during storage. Pressurization had an important reducing effect on technological microbiota, and eliminated L. monocytogenes, S. enterica, hydrogen sulphite producing bacteria and coliforms immediately after production and during refrigerated storage.     

Zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded active packaging,a challenge study against Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat poultry meat

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared using hydrothermal synthesis approach. Formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles were confirmed by using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer. The particles size (≤100 nm) and structure of nanoparticles were studied under scanning and transmission electron microscope. The nanoparticles were used against two prominent foodborne pathogens, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus and were found highly effective against both of them. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was determined in solid and liquid media using nutrient agar and broth. Zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded active film of calcium alginate was prepared for active packaging against the same foodborne pathogens (S. typhimurium and S. aureus). Presence and distribution of nanoparticles in active film were confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. Zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded active films showed antibacterial activity against the target bacteria in Petri dish. The film was also used as an active packaging (a challenge study) in ready-to-eat poultry meat against the same pathogens, and reduced the number of inoculated target bacteria from log seven to zero within 10 days of its incubation at 8 ± 1 °C.     

高温对菜籽油质量的影响

菜籽油在加工及利用油脂烹调食物中经常采用高温加热，油脂在加热过程中会发生一系列变化，影响油脂质量。对精炼菜籽油及色拉油在高温条件下的酸值、过氧化值、羰基值、丙二醛4项理化卫生指标的变化进行了研究，结果表明：精炼菜籽油及色拉油的4项理化卫生指标随高温时间延长而升高，质量下降。因此，控制高温加热时间对防止菜籽油的氧化变质，保证菜籽油质量具有重要意义。     

Free D-amino acids determination in ready-to-eat cooked ham irradiated with electron-beam by indirect chiral HPLC

Potential racemization of L-amino acids (AA) in ready-to-eat (RTE) cooked ham after hygienization by electron-beam irradiation between 1 and 8 kGy was studied. An indirect chiral method based on the derivatization reaction of AA with o-phthaldialdehyde and N-acetyl-L-cysteine followed by reversed-phase HPLC and fluorimetric detection was applied to detect ten enantiomeric pairs of free AA (Asp, Ser, Thr, Ala, Tyr, Val, Trp, Phe and Leu). Five of the D-AA were not found in any of the samples analyzed; the other five remaining D-AA (D-Asp, D-Ser, D-Ala, D-Val and D-Leu) were detected both in irradiated and non-irradiated cooked ham samples, their content being in the range 1.25–13.79 μg/g. Although significant differences appeared for a few of the samples and doses, no positive correlation between the D-AA content and the irradiation doses was observed. Therefore, the electron-beam irradiation technique could be useful for sanitation of packed RTE cooked ham at doses allowed by WHO and EU, since it remains chemically safe to eat.     

色拉油磷含量对其品质的影响

讨论了色拉油磷含量对其品质的影响,并提出了降低色拉油磷含量的方法及理论依据,确保产品既要符合国家标准,又要满足不同用户基本质量要求.     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法同时测定沙拉酱中3种防腐剂

建立气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）法同时测定沙拉酱中的3种防腐剂（山梨酸、脱氢乙酸、苯甲酸）的方法。对样品前处理条件的提取方式、涡旋时间、萃取溶剂进行优化,通过分散固相萃取技术净化后,采用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪（GC-MS/MS）进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明,3种防腐剂在0.001～0.100 mg/L质量范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数R2均>0.999,回收率为88.6%～104.8%,精密度试验结果相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.0%～5.3%,方法检出限为0.002～0.010 mg/kg,定量限为0.006～0.030 mg/kg。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强、结果准确可靠,可作为沙拉酱中多种防腐剂的测定方法。     

Consumption patterns,bacteriological quality and risk factors for Salmonella contamination in meat-based meals consumed outside the home in Kigali,Rwanda

Meat-based meals are consumed as a source of animal proteins and constitute one of the leading vehicles for food borne infections in humans. The main objective of this study was to determine the consumption pattern and the bacteriological quality of meat-based meals consumed outside households in Kigali. A survey on meat consumption patterns was carried out in 400 households by using a questionnaire, whereas different meat-based meals were sampled from 150 snack bars and restaurants. Enumeration of hygiene indicator bacteria (total mesophilic bacteria and Escherichia coli) and the qualitative detection of Salmonella were carried out by using conventional culture methods. The results indicated that goat was the type of meat that was consumed the most outside the home in Kigali and the meat intake varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the social category of the household. The average levels of total aerobic bacteria and E. coli in meat-based meals were found to be 4.7 and 1.4 log cfu/g, respectively, whereas Salmonella was detected in 11.7% of all meat-based meals. Eight factors mostly linked to the cooking treatments and hygienic handling practices for cooked meals were found to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with the risk of Salmonella occurrence in meat-based meals consumed outside the home in Kigali. The findings from this study strongly suggest the need for proper cooking and/or improvements in hygiene in the establishments selling ready-to-eat meat-based meals in Kigali, particularly those located in rural localities.     

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat products in Poland in 2007–2011

The aim of the study was to characterize strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready to eat (RTE) products collected as part of official food control and monitoring in Poland. A total of 105 L. monocytogenes isolates from RTE products: 54- cakes and 51 – delicatessen products were examined. The presence L. monocytogenes in cakes and delicatessen products was 0.4% and 0.7% respectively suggesting the level of contamination of RTE products with L. monocytogenes is very low.     

米糠色拉油中试研究报告

选用国产定型设备与自行设计的脱蜡和脱脂专用设备组成米糠色拉油精炼生产线。在多次生产试验的基础上,确定了先脱胶、脱蜡,后脱酸、脱色、脱臭及冬化脱脂的工艺路线。用国产设备及生产线炼制出达到国家质量标准的米糠色拉油