Crossmodal associations and subjective ratings of Asian noodles and the impact of the receptacle

We investigated the crossmodal associations that people hold for Asian noodles, and the influence of the plateware/receptacle. Chinese participants viewed online photographs of natural, red, green, and yellow noodles presented in bowls or plates made from ceramic, glass, paper, or stainless steel. In Experiment 1, the participants reported the first taste/flavour that came to mind, and rated their feelings and taste/flavour expectations concerning the noodles. In Experiment 2, the participants had to choose a taste term from a list to indicate the first taste that came to mind, and rated their feelings about the noodles. The results of both experiments revealed that the red noodles tended to be associated with a spicy taste/flavour; whereas the yellow noodles were often associated with a savoury taste/flavour, and rated as looking more familiar and pleasant than either the red or green noodles. The receptacles used to present the noodles did not influence the observed colour-flavour associations. However, the material of the receptacles appeared to interact with the colour of the noodles in terms of influencing people’s subjective ratings of, and taste/flavour expectations concerning, the noodles. These findings therefore demonstrate the complex interactions that can occur between the colour of the product and the type/material of the receptacle on people’s expectations regarding the taste/flavour of Asian noodles in the Asian marketplace.     

Influence of the glassware on the perception of alcoholic drinks

Two studies are reported in which the effect of glassware was investigated on subjective ratings of, and willingness-to-pay for, alcoholic drinks. Participants from China (Study 1) and the USA (Study 2) viewed online photographs of red wine, white wine, beer, whisky, and Chinese baijiu presented in 6 different glasses, including a narrow, wide, or stemless wine glass, a highball or rocks glass, and a beer mug. They rated liking, familiarity, and congruency (between the drink and the glassware), as well as how much they would be willing to pay for the drinks. Both the type of drink and the type of glassware influenced participants’ subjective ratings of, and willingness-to-pay for, the drinks. The red and white wine were liked more, and people were willing to pay significantly more for if they thought that the glassware was congruent with the contents. These findings highlight the influence of content–context congruency on consumers’ subjective ratings and willingness-to-pay.     

“包装容器结构设计与制造”课程教学改革的探讨

分析了"包装容器结构设计与制造"课程的特点,指出了传统教学过程中存在的问题,并结合郑州大学课程教学改革实际,从教学内容、教学方法与手段、实践教学和考核方式等方面提出了"包装容器结构设计与制造"课程教学改革的几点建议,旨在提高学生的综合能力。     

Influence of teaware on subjective ratings of,and taste expectations concerning,tea

Two studies were conducted in order to investigate the influence of teaware on consumers’ subjective ratings of, and taste expectations concerning, one of the world’s most popular beverages, namely tea. In Study 1, 100 Chinese participants and 100 participants from the USA viewed online photographs of Chinese brand and British brand green tea presented in either Chinese or British tea sets. The participants then rated their feelings about, taste expectations concerning, and willingness-to-pay for, each cup of tea. In Study 2, 65 Chinese participants also viewed these photos with either a high or low price label for each cup of tea. The results of both studies consistently revealed that the teaware influenced Chinese participants’ bitterness and astringency ratings concerning their tea expectations; whereas no such effects were found for the USA participants. Moreover, the teaware also influenced Chinese participants’ pleasantness ratings of tea when no price information was provided, but not when price information was presented. Collectively, these findings highlight the influence of the visual appearance of the receptacle on the subjective ratings of, and taste expectations concerning, tea. These results also compare the influence of product-extrinsic and contextual cues on consumers’ taste expectations.     

Platform and receptacle: Musings of modernity arising from Utzon's own houses

Utzon throughout his life time designed and built three houses for himself and his family. As tudy of these houses shows the slow development of a doubt, albeit understated, on his early architectural belief that was much celebrated in his public buildings, such as the Sydney Opera House. But Utzon is not unique in this instance.Some other modern architects too had experienced a similar change, gradual or sudden,in their attitudes towards life and the world, hence the transformation of their architecture as a consequence.This change, on the surface and as represented in architecture,is from a building that boldly embraces outside vista to that of a more internalized receptacle. But unlike Corbusier, Utzon,instead of acomplete transformation, showed an inner conflict arising from this doubt,which is between the modern urge to conquer the capacious space out there and a yearning for an interior life.     

美国和加拿大的插头插座规格和要点

美国和加拿大标准插头插座的规格和使用规定。GFCI的原理、规格和使用规定。