三种抗菌药治疗呼吸道感染的疗效-成本分析

目的 评估分析克林霉素磷酸酯注射液、注射用乳糖酸阿奇霉素、左氧氟沙星注射液3种不同类型的抗菌药治疗呼吸道感染的临床疗效及成本效益,寻求最经济有效的治疗方案.方法 随机将104例呼吸道感染患者分为3组,运用药物经济学成本-效果分析方法进行评价.结果与结论 3种抗菌药对呼吸道感染的有效率分别是85.3%、82.9%和88.6%,疗效满意且不良反应较轻,治疗方案无显著性差异.     

丁酸的生理功能研究进展

丁酸是一种重要的短链脂肪酸,是结肠细胞重要的能量来源,可控制细胞增殖,具有多种生理功能。近年来大量研究表明,丁酸有促进肠道发育、维持肠道功能与健康、增强机体免疫性能、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等功能,但目前对于丁酸生理功能的研究多停留在利用动物模型或细胞进行单独研究的阶段。本文从肠道组织功能与健康、物质代谢、免疫功能、肿瘤细胞等几个方面综述了丁酸功能的研究进展,并进行了展望,旨在为丁酸的进一步研究与应用提供思路。     

Nutrient digestibility and endogenous protein losses in the foregut and small intestine of weaned dairy calves fed calf starters with conventional or enzyme-treated soybean meal

The aims of this experiment were (1) to compare the effects of a soybean meal with an enzymatic treatment (ESBM) to reduce the concentration of antinutritional factors versus a standard soybean meal (SBM) on foregut and small intestine digestion in weaned dairy calves and (2) to estimate the endogenous losses of crude protein (CP) in the small intestine. Our hypothesis was that a diet containing ESBM instead of SBM would improve ruminal and small intestine digestion and absorption of nutrients. A T-cannula was placed in the duodenum, and a second T-cannula was installed in the distal ileum of 12 Holstein calves at approximately 3 wk of age. Calves were weaned on d 42, and on d 50 they were assigned randomly to a quadruplicated 3 × 3 Latin square with 10-d periods. Digesta samples were collected on d 7 and 8 from the ileum and d 9 and 10 from the duodenum. The diets were fed for ad libitum intake and consisted of a calf starter (CS) of 20% CP with SBM as the main source of protein (CTRL), and an isonitrogenous CS with an ESBM instead of SBM (ENZT). A third diet with a low content of CP (10%) and no soy protein was fed to estimate endogenous N losses and digestibilities of test ingredients. Flows and digestibilities of nutrients were compared between CTRL and ENZT and their test ingredients (SBM vs. ESBM, respectively). Duodenal net flows of CP and total AA as well as ruminal microbial protein synthesis per kilogram of digested CP were greater, and flow of nonprotein N and CP true (corrected by endogenous and microbial flows) foregut digestibility were lower with ENZT than CTRL. The apparent small intestine digestibilities of CP and total AA were greater for ESBM than SBM, but there were no differences between the CTRL and ENZT diets. We observed no differences in digestibilities at the duodenum or ileum of starch or NDF, but true small intestine digestibilities of CP and all AA were greater with ENZT than CTRL. Total endogenous protein losses in the small intestine estimated from calves fed the low-CP with no soy protein diet were 37 ± 1.5 g of CP and 29 ± 1.4 g of AA/kg of DMI. These values may be considered the basal endogenous losses as they are similar to values obtained with the regression method, which estimates N losses when dietary N is null. Our results indicated that the inclusion of an ESBM improved the efficiency of ruminal microbial protein synthesis per digested kilogram of organic matter and CP, and increased CP and AA absorption in the small intestine despite a greater proportion of undigested dietary protein entering the duodenum.     

不同处理对烟草种子萌发及过氧化氢酶活性的影响

以烤烟型品种NC89为材料 ,通过浸种处理研究了不同K+浓度、H+浓度、渗透势及H2 O2 等对烟草种子萌发过程中呼吸速率和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。 0 .0 1～ 0 .1mol/LKNO3处理对种子萌发过程中活力指数和过氧化氢酶活性有明显的促进作用 ;0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 1mol/LHCl处理后其活力指数、第 4天的过氧化氢酶活性和呼吸速率都比对照高 ;2 0 0～ 30 0g/L的PEG - 6 0 0 0溶液浸种 2 4h ,对烟草种子活力的提高也有明显效果 ;0 .3%H2 O2 虽能提高烟草种子的呼吸速率 ,但其发芽势及活力指数均低于对照     

饲粮粒度对肉仔鸡生产性能及消化道发育的影响

研究饲粮粒度对肉仔鸡生产性能及消化道发育的影响,60只1日龄AA+公、母混合雏随机分成2个处理组,分别饲喂细粒、粗粒饲粮至14日龄。结果表明:与细粒饲粮组相比,饲喂粗粒饲粮组肉仔鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重极显著提高(P0.01),料重比极显著降低(P0.01),十二指肠绒毛、空肠绒毛、回肠绒毛高度极显著增长(P0.01);十二指肠、回肠绒毛隐窝深度差异不显著,空肠绒毛隐窝深度极显著减小(P0.01);十二指肠、空肠、回肠肠壁厚度极显著变薄(P0.01)。     

Survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains in the upper gastrointestinal tract

In the present study six probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains were investigated for their ability to survive in the human upper gastrointestinal tract through a dynamic gastric model of digestion. MRS broth was used as delivery vehicle and survival was investigated during in vitro gastric and gastric plus duodenal digestion. Results highlighted that all tested strains showed good survival rate during both gastric and duodenal digestion. In particular, three strains exhibited a great survival showing a recovery percentage in the range between 117 and 276%. In agreement with survival data, high lactic acid production was detected for all strains, confirming their metabolic activity during digestion.     

钒对肉鸡消化管发育的影响

选择1日龄AA肉鸡144只,随机分为两组,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组每1kg日粮添加钒30mg,试验期42d。结果表明:试验组肌胃的平均质量和相对质量大于对照组,部分周龄的差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)腺胃的平均质量和相对质量大于对照组。试验组各肠段长度均小于对照组,部分周龄的差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。试验组小肠绒毛、肠腺长度均大于对照组,部分周龄的差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。每1kg日粮添加30mg的钒,对消化管发育有促进作用。     

L-左旋肉碱对人体运动能力的影响

左旋肉碱是一种类维生素的营养素 ,作为一种食品添加剂 ,经常被添加在减肥类保健食品中。本研究从人体运动生理学角度研究 ,采用自身对照的方法对 2 2名健康成人研究了左旋肉碱对人体运动能力的影响。结果表明服用左旋肉碱后 ,男女受试者无氧阈下的作功能力分别由 99.0± 10 .5W和 79.2± 9.8W上升至 111.0±7.7W和 87.3± 8.3W。呼吸商分别由 1.0 9± 0 .0 7和 1.0 9± 0 .10下降至 1.0 2± 0 .0 4和 1.0 3± 0 .0 7,使运动时脂肪代谢供能增加。乳酸、心率、每搏耗氧量和无氧阈的结果均提示左旋肉碱提高人体摄氧能力 ,节省肌糖原 ,从而发挥抗疲劳作用。     

Encapsulation of lipid by alginate beads reduces bio-accessibility: An in vivoC breath test and MRI study

This paper describes an in vivo study of the use of encapsulation to alter lipid bio-accessibility in the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract. The hypothesis that encapsulation would delay the accessibility of lipid in the GI tract was tested using subjects (N = 11) who consumed either 30 g of ¹³C-labelled sunflower oil encapsulated within 70 g alginate gel particles, or unencapsulated ‘free’ sunflower oil and alginate-only particles (control). Lipid accessibility was determined by the appearance of the ¹³C label in breath carbon-dioxide (CO₂), and the particles behaviour in the GI tract was investigated using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).     

甜椒果实冷藏方法的研究

低温下甜椒果实呼吸异常升高,果肉细胞膜透性增大。贮前热处理可降低低温胁迫引起的呼吸增加,减缓果肉细胞电解质的渗漏。热处理后的果实贮藏在0～1℃下,冷害症状显现的时间推迟,冷害程度减轻后熟转红受到明显的抑制,商品率增加。贮前热处理对甜椒果实的冷藏品质无不良影响。