河鲀食用毒性评价与安全措施研究

为了充分利用河资源 ,开展了河安全利用课题研究。利用高效液相色谱法和竞争抑制性酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)方法对安全利用过程中的河毒素进行检测 ,同时引入危害分析和关键控制点 (HACCP)系统 ,对河食品从原料生产到成品的各环节进行危害分析 ,确定关键控制点。制订了原料接收、活鱼暂养、加工去毒、河制作、以及环境卫生的控制标准和措施。结果表明 ,河的分布具有地域差异性。河体内毒素分布很不均匀 ,主要集中在肝、卵巢、皮肤等部位 ,而且季节性变化明显 ,个体差异显著。运用该研究成果自 1995年至 2 0 0 2年进行人体试食试验以来 ,未发现一例中毒症状和体征 ,各项试验证明 ,经去毒工艺处理的河是安全的 ,经食用后不会引起河毒素中毒。这对于保证河资源的安全利用有着重大的意义。     

一起河鲀鱼行政复议、诉讼案件的分析与思考

为深化河魨鱼的食用安全管理,通过一起因河魨鱼(Takifugu)行政执法而引发的行政复议和行政诉讼案件,对今后我国河魨鱼的卫生监管工作提出了,在加强监管的基础上,有条件开禁河魨鱼的建议。     

Tetrodotoxin levels in eggs of the rough-skin newt,Taricha granulosa,are correlated with female toxicity

We quantified the amount of the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) present in females and newly deposited eggs of the rough-skin newt, Taricha granulosa, to examine the relationship between the toxicity of an individual female and the toxicity of her eggs. We found high levels of TTX in individual eggs as well as substantial variation among clutches. Variation in the amount of TTX per egg within individual clutches was extremely low. Female skin toxicity was positively correlated with the mean egg toxicity of her clutch. Neither egg volume nor female size was significantly correlated with egg TTX levels. Tetrodotoxin stereoisomer–analog profiles were identical for females and their eggs. The presence of high levels of TTX in individual eggs coupled with the relationship between levels of TTX in female skin and levels of TTX in her eggs suggests that the TTX present in eggs of T. granulosa is maternally derived. The lack of correlation between egg size and TTX levels in individual eggs, as well as the low levels of within clutch variation, may indicate that deposition of TTX in eggs of T. granulosa is not linked to the deposition of other egg resources (e.g., lipids or other yolk components).     

鲀毒鱼类中河鲀毒素直接竞争抑制性酶联免疫吸附试验测定方法的研究

为检测毒鱼类中的河毒素 ,建立了用抗河毒素单克隆抗体检测河样品中河毒素的直接竞争抑制性酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)方法。结果表明 ,直接ELISA法较间接ELISA法灵敏 ,最低检出浓度为 0 1ng mL(每检测孔 0 0 1ng) ,线性范围为 5～ 5 0 0ng mL ,方法的加标回收率为73 0 %～ 118 0 %。本法与传统的小鼠生物试验相比 ,两种方法的测定结果之间在统计学上差异无显著性 (配对t检验 ,P >0 1) ,并具有良好的相关性 (r =0 94 4)。对来自江苏省东海和长江水域的河样品的毒力进行了测定 ,结果表明本方法简单、快速、灵敏 ,完全可以满足实际工作的需要