利用微藻技术减排CO2的研究

利用诱变育种技术对用来固定CO2的微藻进行育种,获得耐受高CO2浓度、可高效固定CO2的斜生栅藻突变株WUST—04,其最适宜生长的CO2浓度由诱变前的5％提高到诱变后的15％。在5L的光生物反应器中初步研究了该微藻的固碳工艺。结果表明,在适宜的CO2浓度下,微藻的CO2固定效率提高了17．5％,最大CO2固定效率达1．846g／d·L。     

栅列藻蛋白质提取液促进人子宫颈癌细胞的生长研究

本文采用ＭＴＴ［３（４，５ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｔｈｉａｚｏｌ－２ｙｌ）－２，５ｄｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｔｅｔｒａｚｏｌｉｕｍｂｒｏｍｉｄｅ］快速微量比色技术发现斜生栅列藻（Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ）蛋白质提取液可促进动物细胞的生长．在０．５％胎牛血清（ＦＢＳ）的ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养液中，加入９５μｇ／ｍｌ栅列藻提取液可使人子宫颈癌细胞（ＨｅＬａｃｅｌ）比对照组细胞增殖３倍左右．这种刺激动物细胞生长的活性物质分子量在３５００－８０００道尔顿（ｄａｌｔｏｎｓ）之间，经胰蛋白酶处理或高温处理后均失去活性     

析因设计优化桦褐孔菌液体发酵培养基

采用部分析因试验,从碳源、氮源以及5种常用无机盐共计7个因素中,选取了4个显著影响桦褐孔菌生长的主要因素,研究其对菌丝生物量的影响;采用正交设计优化这4个主要因素的组合,得到桦褐孔菌的最佳液体发酵培养基,配方为玉米粉3.0%、黄豆粉1.5%、磷酸氢二钾0.15%、硫酸镁0.1%。     

桦褐孔菌富锗培养及其总黄酮抗氧化活性

以菌落直径为指标考察桦褐孔菌富锗培养的适宜加锗量,采用L9(34)正交优选的提取条件微波提取富锗培养后的桦褐孔菌总黄酮(简称Ge-TFIO),并运用活性氧(ROS)试剂盒、DPPH·法、H2O2诱导小鼠氧化溶血抑制实验评价Ge-TFIO的抗氧化能力。结果表明:桦褐孔菌富锗培养的适宜加锗量为40mg/L;富锗培养的桦褐孔菌总黄酮微波提取优化工艺条件为乙醇浓度80%、料液比1:40、处理时间180s、微波功率352W,此条件下,Ge-TFIO提取率为4.59%;2mg/mLGe-TFIO的抗活性氧单位为25.85U/mL,DPPH·自由基清除率为91.39%,H2O2诱导红细胞氧化溶血抑制率约为29.13%,可见,富锗培养后的桦褐孔菌总黄酮含量较高,具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

醇水交换法提取桦褐孔菌生物活性物质的工艺研究

目的:利用超声热学及空化技术,研究醇-水交换提取桦褐孔菌中的三萜类和多糖生物活性物质的最佳提取工艺。方法:桦褐孔菌粉碎,过30目筛,超声辅助醇-水交换提取其生物活性物质。结果:醇提三萜类物质最佳工艺为:温度30℃,时间50min,提取3次,液料比25∶1,得率为1.30%;水提多糖最佳工艺为:温度50℃,时间40min,提取3次,液料比35∶1,得率为6.96%。结论:超声辅助醇-水交换提取桦褐孔菌中的生物活性物质的最佳提取工艺稳定、合理可行,能有效提高桦褐孔菌的综合利用。     

两种微藻对高浓度酵母发酵废水中细胞耐受能力的比较

本文研究了蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa,简称C. py）和二形栅藻（Scenedesmus dimorphus NIES-119,简称NIES-119）在异养生长中对蔗糖的耐受浓度,进而比较了对高浓度酵母发酵废水的细胞耐受性。结果表明,C. py和NIES-119在蔗糖浓度高达70 g/L的培养基中仍有高比生长速率（0.90 d-1和0.63 d-1）,最大生物量浓度可达到3.37 g/L和2.84 g/L。酵母废水添加糖蜜后,COD可高达104~105 mg/L并伴随有总氮、总磷的高浓度,C. py和NIES-119在这类废水培养基中的最高比生长速率为0.43 d-1和0.42 d-1,最大生物量浓度可达到1.95 g/L和1.70 g/L,均极显著高于不加糖蜜的废水培养基中的最高值;同时,C. py对废水培养基中COD、总氮、总磷的最高去除率分别高达34.56%、20.00%和20.63%,NIES-119则分别高达21.46%、31.25%和16.11%。结果说明这两种微藻在耐受高浓度酵母废水、通过生长净化废水中都具有巨大潜力。     

桦褐孔菌纯化多糖体外降血糖活性研究

采用水提醇沉法得到桦褐孔菌发酵粗多糖,将粗多糖过DEAE-52纤维素柱分离纯化得到两种多糖(EIOP1、EIOP2),本文以α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性、正常HepG2细胞及胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的单位细胞葡萄糖消耗量为主要指标,探究桦褐孔菌两种纯化多糖不同浓度(10、20、40、80、160和320 μg/mL)的降血糖活性,其中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性以阿卡波糖作为阳性对照,葡萄糖消耗实验以二甲双胍作为阳性对照。结果表明,EIOP1、EIOP2的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性均高于阳性对照组阿卡波糖与粗多糖,IC₅₀值分别为39.18、29.87 μg/mL。EIOP1在浓度为80 μg/mL时,对HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗量极显著高于对照组,促进效果最好,比对照组提高了30.62%(P<0.01);EIOP2在浓度在40 μg/mL时,葡萄糖消耗量极显著高于对照组,比对照提高了75.99%(P<0.01);对胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗实验发现EIOP1在浓度为40 μg/mL时,促进效果最好,比胰岛素抵抗组提高了30.00%,EIOP2在浓度为80 μg/mL时,促进效果最好,比胰岛素抵抗组提高了90.49%,高于Met组(P<0.01)。因此,桦褐孔菌纯化多糖对正常HepG2细胞和胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗均具有促进作用,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性显著高于粗多糖。     

栅藻藻渣营养成分分析及蛋白提取工艺优化

研究了二形栅藻藻渣的蛋白提取工艺及氨基酸组成,在测定藻渣蛋白等电点的基础上考察了浸提液pH值、液料比、浸提温度与时间对蛋白提取率的影响. 由正交实验得出提取藻渣蛋白的最佳工艺条件为：浸提液pH值12、液料比40 mL/g、浸提温度45℃、浸提时间140 min,该条件下藻渣蛋白提取率为40.13%. 所制藻渣蛋白氨基酸种类齐全,比例均衡,可作为理想的人蛋白来源. 必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的44.3%. 蛋白质的必需氨基酸指数、氨基酸评分、化学评分、生物价、营养指数和氨基酸比值系数评分分别为82.24, 63.32, 46.66, 77.94, 35.84和74.21.     

Daily doses of light in relation to the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in diluted three‐phase olive mill wastewater

BACKGROUND: The use of olive‐oil mill wastewater (OMW) from a three‐phase centrifugation process used in the olive‐oil industry, has been studied in relation to the production of the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus CCAP 276/3A. The chemical characteristics of OMW indicated nitrogen deficiency. RESULTS: S. obliquus is able to assimilate nutrients present in a culture medium (water‐OMW 5%) and grow at its maximum specific growth rate of 0.026 h^?1, both under mixotrophic as well as heterotrophic conditions. The different daily doses of light (DDL) used, in the range 0–36 E m^?2 d^?1, determined light‐limited and light‐inhibited cultures. The light‐inhibited mixotrophic cultures bore characteristics similar to those of the heterotrophic cultures, and became more so when the dose of light received was higher. The low protein yield (258 mg g^?1) and high percentage of carbohydrates of the biomass (65.8%) confirmed a nutritional‐stress situation associated with nitrogen limitation. CONCLUSION: The similarity between the fatty‐acid composition of the heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultures strongly inhibited by light appeared to indicate the cancelling of the photosynthetic behaviour of the cells at high DDL values. The biomass generated can be used for biofuels. The maximum elimination of biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) per unit of biomass was achieved in the heterotrophic cultures. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of organic solvents on growth of freshwater algae

The impact of acetone, methanol, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as carrier solvents on two species of algae was investigated. Scenedesmus quadricauda of green algae and Anabaena flos‐aquae of blue green algae were subjected to different concentrations of the studied solvents which ranged from 0.01 to 7.29 mL/L for 10 days in batch studies. The data recommended the use of acetone, ethanol and methanol than dimethyl sulfoxide in this order as a carrier solvent for chemical toxicity tests using a maximum concentration of 7.29 mL/L which represents 0.729% (volume/volume) in the algal bioassay test.