芋的贮藏与保鲜

由于芋水分含量高、酚类物质存在,整芋特别是鲜切芋的贮藏与保鲜很重要。我国常见芋艿品种的贮藏与保鲜技术,整芋的贮藏与保鲜涉及室内外贮藏差异、不同的贮存介质差异、不同的品种差异、不同的芋艿部位差异以及贮藏温度的要求;鲜切芋的贮藏与保鲜涉及不同的包装材料、不同的涂膜处理、不同的加工方法、不同的保鲜剂对鲜切芋艿的影响。为芋艿贮藏与保鲜开辟新蹊径提供新思路。     

红梗水芋红色素的提取及性质研究

研究了红梗水芋红色素的提取条件和理化性质，结果表明，用料液比1：20（g／mL）、pH1的20％乙醇作提取剂、在60℃恒温浸提10min，提取效率较好。红梗水芋红色素属花色素苷类色素，pH值对色素影响明显，80℃以内比较稳定。光照能加快色素降解。金属离子Na^＋、Ca^2＋、AL^13＋、Zn^2＋对色素色泽无影响，而Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋、Pb^2＋有不良影响。色素抗氧化能力较差而耐还原性能稍好。蔗糖、葡葡糖和盐等添加剂对色素无影响。     

超声波法提取欧洲鳞毛蕨中总黄酮的研究

采用正交优化试验,以总黄酮得率作为考察指标,对影响欧洲鳞毛蕨总黄酮超声波提取的因素进行了研究。结果表明,欧洲鳞毛蕨总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:在超声处理温度为60℃的情况下,乙醇浓度80%,料液比1∶20,超声处理时间50 min,超声次数4次。在最佳提取条件下,其得率可达47.86 mg/g。     

非油炸芋头脆片加工工艺的研究

研究了非油炸芋头脆片加工过程中,原料的配比、面团水分含量、食用油、鸡蛋液、疏松剂等对芋头脆片成品品质的影响。结果表明:原料配比为7:3,面团含水量为 32%,食用油添加量为 5%, 鸡蛋液添加量为 6%,NH4HCO3、NaHCO3的复合膨松剂添加量为 0.7%,在 180℃的烘烤 5min,可获得水分含量 4%,脂肪含量 3.5%,色泽浅金黄,外观整齐,口感松脆, 具有浓郁的芋头香味的脆片。     

层次分析法在热风干燥条件制备荔浦香芋全粉优化中的应用

采用热风干燥法制备荔浦香芋全粉,用层次分析法(AHP)将感官评价指标整合,以此作为考核指标设计单因素试验和四元二次回归正交试验,对物料粒径、铺料密度、干燥温度、干燥风速等的关键控制因素取值进行优化,拟合出综合感官评价的回归方程,并得到热风干燥的最佳工艺参数为:物料粒径7.8mm、铺料密度2.6kg/m2、干燥温度72.5℃、风速5.2m/s。     

Comparison of four pretreatments on the drying behavior and quality of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) slices during intermittent microwave vacuum-assisted drying

ABSTRACT

Effect of different pretreatments on drying behavior and quality of taro slices during intermittent microwave vacuum-assisted drying were investigated. Taro slices were subjected to the following pretreatments: blanching (B), blanching and freezing (B?+?F), blanching and immersion in maltodextrin solution (B?+?M), and blanching and immersion in maltodextrin solution and freezing (B?+?M?+?F). The reduction in amylose content, the increase in amylose to amylopectin ratio, the change of mechanical properties, the increase in sample bulk density and reduction in sample porosity and structure collapse during pretreatment processes facilitated heat and moisture transfer and quality changes during drying of taro slices. During drying process, all the pretreatment reduced the drying time of samples. The drying rate included a warming-up period and a falling rate period. The values of effective moisture diffusivity increased gradually as the moisture content decreased. The B?+?M?+?F pretreatment had the shortest drying time, the highest drying rate and the biggest effective moisture diffusivity. Moreover, for B?+?M?+?F pretreatment, the parameters including hardness, crispness, color, and microstructure had remarkable changes as compared with the other pretreatments.     

Taro Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Amylopectin Structure and Its Effect on Starch Functional Properties

Flour extracted from small‐, medium‐, and large‐corm taro Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott cultivated in central Thailand had similar proximate composition, comparable calcium oxalate and amylose content, but different starch granule size and average chain length of amylopectin. Starch from the larger corm taro had a smaller average granule size and a lower average amylopectin chain length (CL_avg), a lower average external chain length (ECL_avg), and a lower average internal chain length (ICL_avg) when compared to that from the smaller corm taro. The solubility of taro starch was inversely proportional to CL_avg, ECL_avg, and ICL_avg. Starch having a shorter CL_avg, ECL_avg, and ICL_avg had a higher peak viscosity and breakdown. The onset (T_o), peak (T_p), and conclusion temperatures (T_c) of starch gelatinization and the extent of starch paste retrogradation did not correlate with the amylopectin structure.     

不同产地奇异南星挥发油GC-MS分析及抗肿瘤活性

采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取两种不同产地的奇异南星挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪鉴定其中化学成分,采用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量,并采用甲基噻唑蓝(MTT)法对两种挥发油进行体外抗肿瘤活性测试.结果显示,从广西产和四川产奇异南星挥发油中分别鉴定出12种和11种化合物,其相对含量分别为90.96％和94.6...     

在肖特基玻璃上基于标准CMOS工艺的60GHz天线阵

This design is presented of a 2 2 planar array,with a half-wave dipole antenna to be its element,on a new substrate material,Schott Borofloat,with CMOS technology in the 60 GHz band.In the proposed structure,all the designs are based on the CMOS technology and similar performance could be achieved with the same size in contrast to the design on low-temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC).This could lead to the improving of the compatibility with the CMOS IC process,the design cost and the design precision which is restricted in the LTCC process.The simulated–10 dB bandwidth of the array is from 58 to 64 GHz.A peak gain of 9.4 dBi is achieved.Good agreement on return loss is achieved between simulations and measurements.     

Tarin,a Potential Immunomodulator and COX‐Inhibitor Lectin Found in Taro (Colocasia esculenta)

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) corm is a rustic staple food, rich in small starch granules, fibers, and bioactive phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, tannins, phytates, micronutrients, and proteins, including tarin, a GNA‐related lectin. Tarin exhibits recognized biocide activities against viruses and insects, has antitumoral properties and is an immunomodulator molecule candidate. It has been isolated in highly purified form (>90%) from taro corms through low‐cost and single‐step affinity chromatography. It comprises 2‐domain 27 to 28 kDa protomer, posttranslational cleaved into 2 nonidentical monomers, 11.9 and 12.6 kDa, held by noncovalent binding. At least 10 tarin isoforms sharing over 70% similarity have been described. The monomers assume the β‐prism II fold, consisting of 3 antiparallel β‐sheets formed by 4 β‐strands each. Tarin exhibits an expanded‐binding site for complex and high‐mannose N‐glycan chains 49, 212, 213, 358, 465, and 477 found on cell surface antigens of viruses, insects, cancer, and hematopoietic cells, explaining its broad biological activities. Tarin may stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses, enabling hosts to recover from infections or immunosuppressed status inherent to several pathological conditions. In a murine model, tarin stimulates the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of total spleen and bone marrow cells, especially B lymphocytes. Granulocyte repopulation has also been demonstrated in long‐term mice bone marrow cell cultures. As a potential immunomodulator, tarin, administered to immunosuppressed mice, attenuated cyclophosphamide‐induced leukopenia. We propose a molecular model that unites the potential prophylactic and therapeutic action of tarin on hematopoietic and cancer cells, as a potential immunomodulator.