从油茶果渣、籽仁和脚料中提取茶皂素及回收脂肪酸的研究

对油茶果的深度开发作了较为详尽的研究：在尽可能提高茶油产率的同时，对榨取茶油以后的粕饼或渣，籽仁以及精制茶油后的脚料等物进行再提取或回收，从中又可得到能增值的精细化学的绿色产品——茶皂素和脂肪酸。     

天然茶皂素的提取及泡沫性能

茶皂素是一种天然的表面活性剂 ,通过几种浸取剂的研究 ,表明 60 %甲醇溶液为最好浸取剂。浸取温度 40℃～ 50℃ ,浸取时间 4 5h左右。浸取的茶皂素与多种表面活性剂比较 ,说明它是一种发泡性好、泡沫稳定性优良的发泡剂     

茶皂素及其在化妆品中的应用

概述了茶皂素的来源、提取工艺、结构和特性,主要介绍了茶皂素在化妆品中的应用．作为基质成分,茶皂素可以用于洗发香波、天然草本洗发露、防晒消炎润肤膏、沐浴液等,它不仅具有良好的乳化、发泡、分散、渗透、润滑等活性作用,而且还具有消炎、镇痛、杀菌、止痒等药理作用．同时介绍了茶皂素在化妆品及纺织品洗涤、医药和农药等方面的应用前景．     

响应面法优化油茶粕中茶皂素提取工艺

采用单因素实验结合响应面法,优化了从油茶粕中提取茶皂素的工艺参数。单因素实验最佳条件：乙醇体积分数为70%、提取时间为3 h、提取温度为70℃、料液比为1∶4。在单因素的基础上,选取乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比为影响因子,以茶皂素提取得率作为响应值,进行3因素3水平响应面分析。结果表明：茶皂素最佳提取条件是乙醇体积分数为72%、提取时间为3.8 h、提取温度为70℃、料液比为1∶4.5,提取得率预测值为14.54%,验证实测值为14.22%,与预测值相对误差为2.20%。     

大豆皂苷Ⅱ的提取及HPLC-MS分析

大豆皂苷是一种生物活性物质,结构不同的大豆皂苷生物活性不同,为了选择性利用B组大豆皂苷,本文考察了B组大豆皂苷的提取、分离方法及B组大豆皂苷Ⅱ的分析方法。采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂柱层析法从脱脂大豆中提取大豆皂苷,并利用硅胶柱层析分离得到B组大豆皂苷,进而通过HPLC-MS法对B组大豆皂苷Ⅱ进行检测。结果表明,本文得出的大豆皂苷提取、分离及检测方法对B组大豆皂苷的选择性应用具有参考价值。     

The Role of Cholesterol on Triterpenoid Saponin-Induced Endolysosomal Escape of a Saporin-Based Immunotoxin

Cholesterol seems to play a central role in the augmentation of saporin-based immunotoxin (IT) cytotoxicity by triterpenoid saponins. Endolysosomal escape has been proposed as one mechanism for the saponin-mediated enhancement of targeted toxins. We investigated the effects of lipid depletion followed by repletion on Saponinum album (SA)-induced endolysosomal escape of Alexa Fluor labelled saporin and the saporin-based immunotoxin OKT10-SAP, directed against CD38, in Daudi lymphoma cells. Lipid deprived cells showed reduced SA-induced endolysosomal escape at two concentrations of SA, as determined by a flow cytometric method. The repletion of membrane cholesterol by low density lipoprotein (LDL) restored SA-induced endolysosomal escape at a concentration of 5 µg/mL SA but not at 1 µg/mL SA. When LDL was used to restore the cholesterol levels in lipid deprived cells, the SA augmentation of OKT10-SAP cytotoxicity was partially restored at 1 µg/mL SA and fully restored at 5 µg/mL SA. These results suggest that different mechanisms of action might be involved for the two different concentrations of SA and that endosomal escape may not be the main mechanism for the augmentation of saporin IT cytotoxicity by SA at the sub-lytic concentration of 1 µg/mL SA.     

Production of yellow wine from Camellia Oleifera meal pretreated by mixed cultured solid‐state fermentation

Camellia oleifera meal was evaluated to be a potential feedstock for the production of yellow wine (YW), and process conditions were investigated. In this study, C. oleifera meal was firstly pretreated using mixed cultured Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger under solid‐substrate fermentation to degrade the tea saponin (TS) for the following YW fermentation. Response surface methodology helped evaluate the effects of the selected operating parameters, and the optimal condition at a fixed time of 4 days, which gave a 67.84 ± 0.23% degradation rate of TS, was reached as inoculum concentration of 16%, initial moisture content of 55% and temperature of 30 °C. Finally, 7‐day fermentation was harvested to be the most suitable pretreatment for producing YW from C. oleifera meal, and the twice‐feeding fermentation for YW was obtained as wheat koji 12% and active yeast 1.2%. In addition, ample amino acids, phenolic components and the trace TS endowed the C. oleifera wine, the more nutritional characteristics.     

无患子皂苷-十二烷基苯磺酸钠复配体系表面活性及在制备氢氧化镍复合材料中的应用

研究了无患子皂苷与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配体系的表面活性,并将其应用于氢氧化镍复合材料的制备中;采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料进行了结构表征,考察了表面活性剂对材料形貌的影响。研究表明,自提无患子皂苷临界胶束浓度(cmc)和对应表面张力(γ_(cmc))分别为0.200 g/L和38.3 mN/m;在复配体系中,当SDBS的质量分数为5%时,两者表现出协同作用,而当SDBS的质量分数增至20%后,则呈现对抗作用;以SDBS质量分数为5%的表面活性剂复配体系作为添加剂,在0.83 g/L时,制备得到直径约为3μm形貌均匀的球状氢氧化镍复合材料。     

油茶皂素脱色及色泽评价方法比较研究

采用过氧化氢/凹凸棒土耦合体系对油茶皂素进行脱色,考察了过氧化氢用量、温度、时间和凹凸棒土用量对脱色率的影响,探究了皂素脱色的最佳条件,并比较了分光光度计法、分光辐射亮度计法、罗维朋比色计法、色阶比色法和直观拍照法等不同色泽评价方法对皂素颜色测定的优劣。研究结果显示：最佳脱色条件为H₂O₂用量6%,温度80℃,时间3 h,凹凸棒土用量3%,此条件下皂素呈现乳白色。5种色泽评价结果基本相近。分光光度计法可对茶皂素色泽精确定量分析;分光辐射亮度计法适用于较小色差情况下的颜色评价;罗维朋比色计法在需要对茶皂素溶液进行较广泛的色泽分析场景中具有优势;色阶比色法操作简便,可行性强;直观拍照能对以上方法佐证。     

大豆生理活性物质功能的研究进展

介绍了大豆异黄酮、大豆皂甙、大豆蛋白质及其多肽的营养和生理功能的研究进展,并讨论了这些生理活性物质在保健食品中的应用前景.