无线电测控系统中三元码跟踪双环的研究

本文提出了数字遥测信号与模拟图象信与混合的无线电测控系统中用于捕获和跟踪带钟复合码的跟踪双环方案，分析了双环系统的捕获性能，理论分析和实验结果表明，双环系统不仅捕获时间短，而且具有强的抗干扰能力。     

考虑发电约束的输电断面最大传输能力

为了打破以往输电能力求解过程中发电机端电压维持不变的假设,提出了考虑发电约束求解最大输电能力(TTC)的新方法.根据大型风电场并网及同步发电机调速器和励磁系统等动态元件的运行限制,建立了计算输电断面最大输电能力的优化模型,并采用信赖域内点法进行序列迭代求解.在信赖域内,将非线性优化问题逼近为线性规划(LP)子问题,以构造的价值函数为依据调整信赖域半径.在New England 39节点算例系统中验证了模型和计算方法的有效性.实验结果表明,考虑发电约束的输电断面最大传输能力计算结果更接近系统的实际运行情况.     

A tree-structured crash surrogate measure for freeways

In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to define and estimate a surrogate measure. By imposing a hypothetical disturbance to the leading vehicle, the following vehicle’s action is represented as a probabilistic causal model. After that, a tree is built to describe the eight possible conflict types under the model. The surrogate measure, named Aggregated Crash Index (ACI), is thus proposed to measure the crash risk. This index reflects the accommodability of freeway traffic state to a traffic disturbance. We further apply this measure to evaluate the crash risks in a freeway section of Pacific Motorway, Australia. The results show that the proposed indicator outperforms the three traditional crash surrogate measures (i.e., Time to Collision, Proportion of Stopping Distance, and Crash Potential Index) in representing rear-end crash risks. The applications of this measure are also discussed.     

集成主被动式安全带的性能评估及优化分析

针对高级驾驶员辅助系统（ADAS）功能多、集成度低的情况,提出了将可逆预紧式安全带与车道偏离预警系统、前方碰撞预警系统和疲劳驾驶监测系统集成为一体的集成式主被动安全系统。在探讨了该集成系统的工作原理和控制策略基础上,通过开展志愿者实车道路实验研究了前方预警系统的碰撞时间阈值、安全带预紧力以及安全带预紧时产生的噪声三个因素对乘员主观感受的影响。对志愿者的主观评价和实验数据的对比分析表明：该集成系统的控制策略逻辑合理,在各个工况下能够主动触发以提醒和约束乘员;但是初期由于预警提醒的频次过高和噪声较大影响了乘员的驾驶体验。经过降低预警系统碰撞时间阈值和优化调整安全带的传动结构,提高了乘员的驾驶体验。该集成式主动安全系统可有效地辅助驾驶员驾驶,且满足乘员的主观可接受度。     

食用香料风险评估方法与应用

食用香料的风险评估方法与其他食品添加剂相比有一定的特殊性,毒理学关注阈值法是香料评估的主要方法。应用毒理学关注阈值法进行香料评估时,同样要求对人类的暴露水平进行正确估计,目前常用的香料暴露评估方法有源自调查的最大摄入量法、单份暴露技术、双份暴露技术等。本文将介绍食用香料的风险评估方法。     

基于最优潮流的含VSC-HVDC交直流系统最大输电能力计算

已有的交直流系统最大输电能力计算模型无法直接应用于含电压源换流器型高压直流(VSC-HVDC)的交直流系统的最大输电能力计算问题。文中提出了一种基于最优潮流的最大输电能力计算方法,通过将最优潮流模型拓展到系统的多种运行状态,从而能够准确反映N-1安全约束及N-1故障后VSC-HVDC的控制约束。为解决因考虑N-1安全约束导致的模型求解规模过大的问题,针对含VSC-HVDC的交直流系统的特点,进一步提出一种同时考虑故障对静态电压稳定性及支路传输容量越限影响的N-1故障筛选方法。为保证解的性能,在优化软件AMPL中调用COUENNE求解器对以上模型进行求解,能够同时给出最大输电能力和相应的VSCHVDC控制方式及参数整定值。通过修改的4节点系统、IEEE 118节点系统及辽宁省鞍山电网,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Tetrazolium Staining,Mitochondria, and Barley Quality

Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of individual isolated barley aleurone layers was carried out under aseptic conditions and the amount of formazan generated under a standardized incubation period was quantified. The nature of the tests minimized or excluded the influences of grain damage, ageing or contaminating microorganisms. Embryos from selected Triumph barley grains, having intensely or poorly staining aleurone layers, were grown on to maturity. Collected grain was analysed and embryos from the highest‐staining progeny from the high‐staining aleurone line and the lowest‐staining progeny of the low‐staining aleurone line were grown on to yield grain of the second selected generations. Aleurone layers of the high‐staining line continued to stain intensely, respired strongly, and generated large amounts of α‐amylase in response to gibberellic acid and embryos from these grains respired and grew vigorously, as did whole grains. In contrast, the aleurone layers of grains from the low‐staining line continued to stain poorly and respired weakly, generated little α‐amylase in response to gibberellic acid, the embryos respired slowly and lacked vigour and, like the whole grains, grew poorly. It is proposed that these results are the consequence of the selection procedure separating lines with superior and inferior mitochondria. If this apparently novel approach using TTC staining is confirmed as being valid, it opens a new way for plant breeders to select for more vigorous cereal lines.     

毒理学关注阈值(TTC)方法的历史演化与发展

毒理学关注阈值(TTC)的概念是指,对化学品建立一个人体暴露阈值,当低于该阈值时化学品对人体健康无明显的风险。TTC方法从提出至今已将近半个世纪,并经历了一个不断完善和发展的过程。本文主要从TTC方法的建立、发展、改进等方面进行了探讨。TTC方法最初被用于食品接触材料中安全阈值的确定。之后,人们对经口的非致癌毒性终点的无明显作用剂量(NOEL)进行了分析,发展出了以结构类为基础的多层次TTC方法。这种以结构类为基础的多层次TTC方法后来被联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)和欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)等组织所采用,并在此基础上进行了发展和改进。TTC方法现已经在低人体暴露水平的化学物质风险评估中得到了广泛的应用,避免了大量不必要的,过于详细的研究,以及广泛的毒理学实验。TTC方法也为那些用量极低并且缺乏完整毒性数据的化学物质的风险评估提供了一条可行的途径。     

A novel safety assessment strategy for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in carton food contact materials

One of the main challenges in food contact materials research is to prove that the presence of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) is not a safety issue. Migration extracts may contain many unknown substances present at low concentrations. It is difficult and time-consuming to identify all these potential NIAS and concurrently to assess their health risk upon exposure, whereas the health relevance at low exposure levels might not even be an issue. This paper describes a scientifically based, but pragmatic safety assessment approach for unknown substances present at low exposure levels in food contact matrices. This complex mixture safety assessment strategy (CoMSAS) enables one to distinguish toxicologically relevant from toxicologically less relevant substances, when related to their respective levels of exposure, and allows one to focus on the substances of potential health concern. In particular, substances for which exposure will be below certain thresholds may be considered not of health relevance in case specific classes of substances are excluded. This can reduce the amount of work needed for identification, characterisation and evaluation of unknown substances at low concentration. The CoMSAS approach is presented in this paper using a safety assessment of unknown NIAS that may migrate from three carton samples.     

活性污泥性质检测方法的比较研究

以印染废水生物处理推流式曝气池中的好氧活性污泥为研究对象,采用污泥沉降比(SV)、污泥浓度(MLSS)、污泥容积指数(SVI)等常规指标检测活性污泥的性质,并与ATP法和TTC-脱氢酶活性法进行了对比.通过比较得出各种方法的适用范围和条件,结果表明:当活性污泥的SV和SVI值变化时,用ATP法能更加准确地反映活性污泥的...