菱角提取物对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:研究菱角(Trapamanshurica)提取物对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:采用菱角提取物对肝癌腹水细胞H22进行体内实验,观察菱角提取物对荷瘤小鼠生长的影响及小鼠体重的变化;采用MTT法测定淋巴细胞增殖率;将小鼠灌胃给菱角提取物,给药的第4d每只小鼠腹腔注射5%(V/V)鸡红细胞悬液(CRBC),在油镜下观察巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的情况,计算吞噬率和吞噬指数。结果:体内抗肿瘤作用显示,菱角提取物在26.25g/kg时对肿瘤的抑制率为47%;菱角提取物对荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖率为98.5%,显著高于阴性对照组;菱角提取物能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结论:菱角能增强机体免疫功能。     

Evaluation of the nutritional quality of four unexplored aquatic weeds from northeast India for the formulation of cost-effective fish feeds

A study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of four commonly available, unexplored aquatic weeds namely, Salvinia cuculata, Trapa natans, Lemna minor and Ipomoea reptans from northeast India for ascertaining their suitability for utilization as supplementary fish feed with the aim to reduce the cost of commercial feeds. Results of proximate analysis showed that the crude protein content of the aquatic weeds ranged between 11.0% and 32.2% (w/w), whereas crude fibre and ash contents varied between 4.2% and 20% (w/w), and 13.3% and 31.2% (w/w), respectively. Protein to energy ratio (P/E) of these weeds ranged between 30.7 mg/kcal and 95.3 mg/kcal and the highest value was displayed by I. reptans. All these aquatic weeds contained high amounts of vitamins E and C and mineral elements required for the normal growth and development of fish.     

菱角壳黄酮提取物抑菌活性评价及对冷鲜鸭肉中假单胞菌生长特性的影响

为探究菱角壳黄酮提取物的抑菌能力及其对冷鲜鸭肉中假单胞菌生长特性的影响,采用抑菌圈法、MIC值测定和液体中生长曲线来评价其对食品中常见微生物生长的抑制作用,建立假单胞菌经浓度为2.5 mg/mL的黄酮纯化物处理后的鸭肉基质中的一级生长预测模型。结果表明:菱角壳黄酮提取物对假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑制作用,其中黄酮纯化物对假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果更好,抑菌圈直径分别为(47.01±0.43)、(45.06±0.35) mm;菱角壳黄酮提取物对热杀索丝菌有一定的抑制效果,对大肠杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌无抑菌效果。菱角壳黄酮粗提物和纯化物对假单胞菌的MIC值均为3.125 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值分别为12.000和3.125 mg/mL。采用对供试菌抑菌效果最好的菱角壳黄酮纯化物浓度(2.5 mg/mL)处理鸭肉,在不同温度下储藏,发现与10、15和20 ℃相比,0和5 ℃可将冷鲜鸭肉的货架期延长至8 d以上,并且通过建立假单胞菌在经浓度为2.5 mg/mL的菱角壳黄酮纯化物处理后的鸭肉基质中的一级模型可知,在0~15 ℃储藏时,菱角壳黄酮提取物作为保鲜剂的抑菌效果较好,能够有效延长食品保质期,但随温度升高,其抑菌能力逐渐减弱,这为菱角壳开发为天然抑菌剂提供了理论基础。     

对数周期曲线振子天线的分析与设计

对数周期天线小型化的一种途径是利用新的谐振天线(如V型天线、螺旋天线、分形天线等)代替半波振子来降低谐振高度,这些对数周期天线可以统称为对数周期曲线振子天线.利用基于Nakano方程的矩量法结合等效电路理论来分析对数周期曲线振子天线的新方法,并对几种小型化的对数周期天线进行了研究.计算机仿真表明:该算法简单易行,为研究新型结构的对数周期天线和对数周期天线的小型化提供了一种新途径.     

壳聚糖涂膜对南湖菱果实贮藏生理及品质的影响

以新鲜南湖菱果实为试材,研究壳聚糖涂膜对南湖菱果实贮藏期间品质和生理的影响。用1.0g/100mL和2.0g/100mL壳聚糖溶液对果实涂膜后,4℃±1℃、相对湿度(90±2)%条件下贮藏15d,测定果实贮藏期间质量损失率、VC、总酚、可溶性总糖、蔗糖、还原糖和可溶性固形物含量变化与多酚氧化酶(PPO)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)比活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明:1.0g/100mL和2.0g/100mL壳聚糖涂膜显著减少果实表面失水,减缓VC、总酚、可溶性总糖、蔗糖、还原糖和可溶性固形物含量下降,维持果实营养品质;同时抑制褐变酶PPO比活力,减缓抗氧化酶APX和SOD比活力上升,减少膜脂过氧化产物MDA积累。因此,1.0g/100mL和2.0g/100mL壳聚糖涂膜能够有效地保存果实营养物质,延缓果实衰老,可以作为安全廉价的保鲜方法应用于南湖菱果实贮藏保鲜。     

Protein Modification with Ribose Generates Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolone-2-yl)-ornithine

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with diabetes and its complications. AGEs are formed by the non-enzymatic reactions of proteins and reducing sugars, such as glucose and ribose. Ribose is widely used in glycation research as it generates AGEs more rapidly than glucose. This study analyzed the AGE structures generated from ribose-modified protein by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among these AGEs, N^δ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolone-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) was the most abundant in ribose-glycated bovine serum albumin (ribated-BSA) among others, such as N^ε-(carboxymethyl) lysine, N^ε-(carboxyethyl) lysine, and N^ω-(carboxymethyl) arginine. Surprisingly, MG-H1 was produced by ribated-BSA in a time-dependent manner, whereas methylglyoxal levels (MG) were under the detectable level. In addition, Trapa bispinosa Roxb. hot water extract (TBE) possesses several anti-oxidative compounds, such as ellagic acid, and has been reported to inhibit the formation of MG-H1 in vivo. Thus, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of TBE on MG-H1 formation using ribose- or MG-modified proteins. TBE inhibited MG-H1 formation in gelatin incubated with ribose and ribated-BSA, but not in MG-modified gelatin. Furthermore, MG-H1 formation was inhibited by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. These results demonstrated that ribose reacts with proteins to generate Amadori compounds and form MG-H1 via oxidation.     

药食同用植物-菱角质量标准的研究

目的：制定菱角质量标准.方法：用TLC法检定菱角的有效成分--没食子酸,用高效液相色谱法测定菱角中没食子酸的含量;并根据对菱角的水分、重金属等进行了检查,并对浸出物进行了测定.结果：菱角植物的没食子酸含量为0.08%.结论：菱角质量标准的制定,对菱角开发应用具有重要意义.     

成熟度对菱角采后品质和生理生化变化的影响

以安徽和县生产的不同成熟度二角菱为试材研究成熟度对菱角贮藏效果的影响,结果表明,低成熟度菱角贮藏过程中呼吸作用较强,淀粉含量和总酚含量低,超氧阴离子高峰出现较迟,丙二醛的水平低,POD的活性虽高,但褐变发生率低,贮藏结束时仍能维持较好的感官品质。     

Shelf life extension of minimally processed water caltrop (Trapa acornis Nakano) fruits coated with chitosan

Freshwater caltrop (Trapa acornis Nakano) fruits are very perishable and susceptible to browning, and thus have a short shelf life. In this study, minimally processed water caltrop (MPWC) fruits were treated with 0.0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% of chitosan aqueous solutions, respectively, and stored at 4 ± 1 °C, 80–85% relative humidity for 15 day. Effects of the chitosan coating on MPWC fruit shelf life and qualitative attributes were evaluated by investigating fresh weight loss, browning index, phytochemicals and browning‐related enzymes activities. Results showed that 1.0% and 2.0% chitosan coating significantly extended shelf life of MPWC fruit by reducing browning occurrence and fresh weight loss, preserving ascorbic acid, soluble solid and titratable acidity as well as total phenol content, also inhibiting the increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities compared to the control during storage. However, 0.5% chitosan coating seemed to be ineffective in prolonging shelf life and conserving quality of MPWC fruit except for keeping more total phenols during storage in comparison with the control.     

菱茎多酚的提取工艺及其抗氧化、抑菌活性研究

目的:研究菱茎多酚的超声波辅助提取工艺及其体外抗氧化、抑菌活性。方法:以菱茎为材料,采用正交实验对菱茎多酚的提取工艺进行优化;通过测定菱茎多酚的DPPH、ABTS自由基清除力及还原力来评价其体外抗氧化活性;采用滤纸片扩散法测定菱茎多酚对6种腐败微生物的抑菌活性。结果:菱茎多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度60%、pH1、提取温度70 ℃、提取时间35 min、料液比1：35 (g/mL),此工艺条件下多酚的提取得率为67.31 mg GAE/g DW;菱茎多酚对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除力和对Fe³⁺还原力(FRAP)的IC₅₀值分别为228.34、220.57、152.00 μg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、腐败希瓦氏菌、青霉和酿酒酵母的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为6.25、3.13、0.20、0.39、1.56、0.78 mg/mL。结论:菱茎多酚具有良好的抗氧化和抑菌活性,可作为潜在抗氧化剂和抑菌剂的来源进一步开发利用。