香荚兰豆专题系列之六-影响香荚兰豆萃取物品质的因素及掺假的鉴别

本文主要叙述了作者在十多年来香荚兰豆萃取物的生产研究和学习心得,在我国卷烟、食品、香料香精工业中对香荚兰豆萃取物的加工及应用日益增多的今天,具有一定的参考和借鉴作用。     

GC–MS and GC–olfactometry analysis of aroma compounds in a representative organic aroma extract from cured vanilla (Vanilla planifolia G. Jackson) beans

Volatile compounds from cured vanilla beans were extracted using organic solvents. Sensory analysis showed that the aromatic extract obtained with a pentane/ether (1/1 v/v) solvent mixture provided the extract most representative of vanilla bean flavour. Sixty-five volatiles were identified in a pentane/ether extract by GC–MS analysis. Aromatic acids, aliphatic acids and phenolic compounds were the major volatiles. By GC–O analysis of the pentane/ether extract, 26 odour-active compounds were detected. The compounds guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, acetovanillone and vanillyl alcohol, found at much lower concentrations in vanilla beans than vanillin, proved to be as intense as vanillin.     

Demonstrating cross-modal enhancement in a real food with a modified ABX test

Given widespread concerns about sugar intake and health, manufacturers are reformulating their products to help address consumer demand. One common strategy is the use of non-nutritive sweeteners; however, these may come with undesirable bitter and/or metallic side tastes or temporal profiles. One alternative sugar reduction strategy involves leveraging perceptual interactions between taste and smell. Prior work suggests that congruent aromas (appropriate for combination with sugar) can enhance sweetness when added to certain foods. However, demonstrating such enhancement psychophysically is not straight forward, as the conceptual strategy used by assessors can influence whether or not enhancement is observed. Here, a non-scaling approach was used to test for such enhancement. Two simple extensions of the ABX test (namely, matching in ABCX and ABCDX tasks) were used to demonstrate the effect of a congruent (vanilla) and incongruent (beef) aroma on sweetness perception in sweetened milk. Our data suggest both flavors were able to cause enhancement in the flavored milk samples, but enhancement effect was greater for the congruent aroma when compared to the incongruent aroma (p < 0.05). Additionally, greater enhancement was found via the modified ABX matching test, as compared to data obtained via a scaling task.     

Occurrence of 5α-cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol and 23-dehydrolophenol in the bean lipids of Vanilla madagascariensis

Eleven 4-desmethylsterols, four 4,4-dimethylsterols, and twelve 4-methylsterols were identified in Vanilla madagascariensis beans. The 4-desmethylsterol fraction was characterized by a high level of 5α-cholesta-7,24(25)-dien-3β-ol (35.3%). The 4-methylsterol fraction was characterized by a high level of 31-norcycloartenol (57.5%) and the presence of 23-dehydrolophenol (9.4%). Cycloartenol (72.9%), cyclosadol (12.7%), parkeol (9.7%), and 24-dehydrotirucallol (4.7%) were identified in the 4,4-dimethylsterol fraction.     

超临界CO2萃取香草兰的工艺研究和成分分析

进行超临界CO2萃取香草兰豆荚的工艺研究，探索萃取压力和温度，分离压力和温度以及萃取时间与萃取率之间的关系。确定出最佳的工艺条件为：萃取压为35MPa，萃取温度45℃，分离（Ⅰ）压力16MPa，分离（Ⅰ）温度40℃，分离（Ⅱ）压力6MPa，分离（Ⅱ）温度40℃，萃取时间150min。用GC／MS分析萃取物的化学成分，鉴定出27种化合物，其中香素的相对含量最高，为26．06％。     

Effects of killing conditions of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia,Andrews) pods during the curing process on aroma composition of pod ethanol extract

The effects on the aroma compositions of ethanol extracts obtained by traditional and enzyme‐assisted methods from seven killing conditions used in vanilla pod curing were studied. Two procedures of vanilla pod killing consisted of either freezing pods at ?10 °C for 24 h or immersing pods in 80 °C water for 10 s each of three times with 30 s intervals resulted in the highest vanillin values in terms percentage of dry weight of the bean (2.84 and 2.96), 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (0.18 and 0.20), vanillyl alcohol (0.56 and 0.57) and vanillic acid (0.18 and 0.19 respectively) when traditional vanilla ethanol extraction was used. When this extract was aged for 3 months it showed improvement in flavour compounds. Enzyme‐assisted vanilla ethanol extraction showed a higher content of flavour compounds than traditional extract, for example vanillin 4.38% and 2.96% respectively. Only vanillic acid levels were improved after ageing of the enzyme‐assisted extracts.     

香荚兰豆专题系列之三——中国香荚兰产业状况的调查报告

本文叙述了中国香荚兰产业的崛起、现实状况、存在的问题及今后发展的趋势。     

香荚兰豆专题系列之四——香荚兰豆初级与深度加工及其应用

几百年来,香荚兰豆(Vanilla fragrans And planifold&Vanilla Tahitensis),又称香草兰干豆荚、香子兰干豆荚,俗称香草,是当今世界上最为风行的香味物质。她具有十分诱人的香气,并以和谐、优雅、温馨、丰满的香韵而闻名香精香料领域,被誉为“食品香料皇后”。因此,作为一个香荚兰豆生产商、供应商及使用客户,充分了解香荚兰豆生产的全过程及最终添香于高档香烟和食品的加工消费过程是至关重要的。本专题就香荚兰豆初级加工与深度加工及其应用进行了实际工作性的阐述。