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排序方式: 共有1434条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
类胡萝卜素的生物利用率 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文论述了作为维生素A前体的类胡萝卜素在体内的吸收代谢过程、类胡萝卜素生物利用率的定义、影响生物利用率的因素以及测定新方法。 相似文献
2.
Absorbability of Calcium From Common Beans 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
C.M. WEAVER R.P. HEANEY W.R. PROULX SM. HINDERS P.T. PACKARD 《Journal of food science》1993,58(6):1401-1403
Absorption of calcium from white, red, and pinto beans, labeled with 45Ca, was measured in 24 women in a three-way randomized design using a calcium load of 72 mg and milk as the referent. Fractional absorption for the three beans averaged 0.219 ± 0.047 and did not differ by type. Milk calcium absorption at the same load was more than two times higher, 0.451 ± 0.088 (P < 0.001). Oxalate content averaged 0.34%, and phytate averaged 1.7%, a stoichiometric excess relative to calcium. To evaluate the relation of phytate to reduced absorbability, labeled pinto beans were pre-treated with phytase and fed to 10 subjects. Fractional absorption rose, averaging 0.318 ± 0.071, (P <0.01 vs. untreated beans), but was significantly below that of milk. The difference was partly accounted for by phytate, with the remainder probably due to relatively high oxalate. 相似文献
3.
M P Vaquero M Veldhuizen W van Dokkum C J A van den Hamer G Schaafsma 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1994,64(4):475-481
The influence of drinking tea on copper bioavailability is unclear, particularly when tea is consumed with food. A breakfast meal containing white bread, margarine, strawberry jam, cheese and tea, with or without milk, was digested in; vitro and the dialysis of copper investigated. Reference breakfasts were prepared with water and water with milk. Copper dialysability (percentage of copper dialysed) was markedly increased by tea. The influence of adding milk to tea was not significant. A second study was carried out in rats using the breakfasts containing tea and water. They were spiked with 64Cu and given orally to the animals in a single dose. Whole-body 64Cu retention was measured over a 4-day period after administration. In order to determine the true absorption of 64Cu a control group of rats received the dose intraperitioneally. The results in vivo indicate a tendency to higher absorption and retention of 64Cu with tea. Liver 64Cu retention was significantly elevated by tea. Therefore, the presence of tea in a breakfast meal favours the formation of soluble low-molecular-weight ligands which can be absorbed and retained by rats. The concomitant increase in liver copper retetition may be associated with higher bioavailability and/or lower copper mobilisation. 相似文献
4.
《Drying Technology》2007,25(5):891-899
Degradation kinetics of food constituents may be related to the matrix molecular mobility by glass transition temperature. Our objective was to test this approach to describe ascorbic acid degradation during drying of persimmons in an automatically controlled tray dryer with temperatures (40 to 70°C) and air velocities (0.8 to 2.0 m/s) varying according a second order central composite design. The Williams-Landel-Ferry model was satisfactorily adjusted to degradation curves for both control strategies adopted—constant air temperature and temperature fixed inside the fruit. Degradation rates were higher at higher drying temperatures, independent of the necessary time to attain the desired moisture content. 相似文献
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7.
制备具有固体分散结构的丹皮酚缓释微球,并考察其体内外相关性。采用乳化溶剂扩散法制备丹皮酚缓释微球,考察微球的外观、载药量、包封率及体外释放行为。并以丹皮酚原料药为对照,根据大鼠的体内药物动力学试验结果,考察自制微球的体内外相关性。药物在37℃蒸馏水中12 h释放达到85%以上,大鼠体内的药动学实验表明,制得的丹皮酚缓释微球的体外释放累积百分数与体内吸收分数相关系数较好(r=0.977 5),生物利用度是丹皮酚原料药的136.81%。该方法较适用于难溶性药物制备缓释微球。 相似文献
8.
钾对土壤镉有效性的影响及其机理 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
分析了不同用量钾肥对土壤镉有效性的影响,采用盆栽与等温吸附试验,研究了镉污染赤红壤上,施用钾肥对小油菜生物量、镉吸收量与土壤溶液中钾、镉含量及土壤镉吸附等的影响.结果表明:无论是低镉还是高镉污染水平,与对照相比,小油菜干质量均以高钾用量增幅最大,两季平均增加分别为16.6%(低镉)和17.7%(高镉).在低、高镉两种污染水平下,增加钾肥的施用量,土壤溶液中钾含量明显增加,小油菜体内钾含量也明显增加.钾肥施用量为195 mg/kg时,土壤溶液中镉含量最高,较对照分别增加2.80%(低镉)与23.7%(高镉);而小油菜体内镉含量较对照平均分别增加10%(低镉)和45.9%(高镉).钾离子与镉共存时,明显改变土壤吸附镉的能力,与钠体系相比,钾体系赤红壤的总吸附容量降低了31.3%.钾与镉共存时,土壤对镉的吸附作用明显影响小油菜对镉的吸收,是控制土壤镉有效性的关键因子. 相似文献
9.
Sharvil S. Patil Krishtey Roy Bhavana Choudhary Kakasaheb R. Mahadik 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2016,42(8):1300-1307
In the present work, novel nanostructures comprising of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and Eudragit E100 were prepared using high intensity ultrasonic homogenization. 32 Factorial design approach was used for optimization of nanostructures. Results of regression analysis revealed that the amount of GMO and Eudragit E100 had a drastic effect on particle size and percent entrapment efficiency. Optimized carvedilol-loaded nanostructures (Car-NS) were characterized by FTIR, TEM, DSC, in vitro drug release study. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, Ke, Ka, Vd and AUC were estimated for Car-NS upon its oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. Particle size of Car-NS was found to be 183?±?2.43?nm with an entrapment efficiency of 81.4?±?0.512%. FTIR studies revealed loading and chemical compatibility of carvedilol with the components of nanostructures. DSC thermograms did not show endothermic peak for melting of carvedilol which could be attributed to solubilization of carvedilol in molten GMO during DSC run. The prepared Car-NS released carvedilol in sustained manner over a period of 10 h as suggested by in vitro drug release study. The pharmacokinetic study of Car-NS showed significant improvement in Cmax (two fold, p?0.001) and AUC (four folds, p?0.001) of carvedilol when compared to carvedilol suspension. Car-NS were found to be stable for a period of 3 months. Thus, a stable, floating, multiparticulate GMO/Eudragit E100 nanostructures having ability to release the drug in sustained manner with enhanced oral bioavailability can prove to be a promising carrier system for poorly water soluble drugs. 相似文献
10.
Cho EH Kim MR Kim HJ Lee DY Kim PK Choi KM Ryu OH Kim CW 《Proteomics. Clinical applications》2007,1(4):352-361
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious kidney complication of diabetes, and constitutes the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The earliest clinical evidence of DN is microalbuminuria, a term which refers to the appearance of small but abnormal amounts of albumin in the urine. However, screening methods for DN, such as biomarker assays, are yet to be developed for type 2 DN. In the present study, in an attempt to identify the biomarkers for initial diagnoses of type 2 DN, the protein profiles of human sera collected from 30 microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients were compared with those collected from 30 normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients, via 2-DE. As a result, a total of 18 spots were determined to have different protein levels in the microalbuminuric patients. Twelve spots had lower protein levels of approximately 50%, and the other six had higher levels of approximately 100-300% as compared to the spots of normoalbuminuric patients. These spots were identified with ESI-Q-TOF (ESI-quadrupole-TOF) MS. Among the identified proteins, vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) were verified by Western blotting. The results of this study indicate that the DBP may be employed as diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers of type 2 DN, contingent on further study into the matter. 相似文献