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Production scheduling involves all activities of building production schedules, including coordinating and assigning activities to each person, group of people, or machine and arranging work orders in each workplace. Production scheduling must solve all problems such as minimizing customer wait time, storage costs, and production time; and effectively using the enterprise’s human resources. This paper studies the application of flexible job shop modelling on scheduling a woven labelling process. The labelling process includes several steps which are handled in different work-stations. Each workstation is also comprised of several identical parallel machines. In this study, job splitting is allowed so that the power of work stations can be utilized better. The final objective is to minimize the total completion time of all jobs. The results show a significant improvement since the new planning may save more than 60% of lead time compared to the current schedule. The contribution of this research is to propose a flexible job shop model for scheduling a woven labelling process. The proposed approach can also be applied to support complex production scheduling processes under fuzzy environments in different industries. A practical case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model. 相似文献
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Carbon/phenolic composites are used in the nozzle parts of solid rocket motors due to their heat-resisting, ablative, and high strength characteristics, which are required to endure the high temperature and pressure of combustion gas passing through the nozzle. But the thick axi-symmetric structure of the composite nozzle induces high thermal residual stresses due to the large difference of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the in-plane and the out-of-plane. In this work, in order to reduce the through-thickness CTE and the void content, a compression in the thickness direction was applied to the composite prepreg by a compressive jig during manufacturing of composite to supplement the low autoclave pressure. The through-thickness CTE of the fabric composite was calculated by a compaction model and compared with the measured one by thermo-mechanical analysis. The through-thickness CTE changed drastically with respect to the compaction amount, and the void content of the carbon/phenolic fabric composite laminate showed different characteristics from the ordinary fabric laminates with respect to the autoclave pressure and the jig pressure. 相似文献
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王晓颖 《武汉纺织工学院学报》2011,(4):38-40
杂技服装设计从属于舞台美术设计艺术,与时装设计不同的是其本身具有特殊设计方法和理念。本文主要是在杂技服装的设计艺术创作中,根据不同的主题以及演员的表现形式,进行舞台美术艺术设计的第二次创作,做到形体与服装紧密的结合,创造舞台美术的视觉冲击力和美感。 相似文献
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Reproducibility of body temperature response to standardized test conditions when assessing clothing
《Ergonomics》2012,55(5):1057-1066
Abstract The traditional use of core temperature to assess the thermal effects of clothing has recently been questioned. The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of body temperature in five subjects (mean age, 226 ± 1-5 yrs) wearing either athletic clothing or a chemical protective overgarment while exercising at 20°C and at 40°C. The exercise was preceded by a 1 h adaptation period in a controlled environmental chamber. Results indicated that mean group change in rectal temperature (δTr ) appeared to be reproducible for both garment ensembles at 20°C but not at 40°C. For mean change in oesophageal temperature ( δToes ) at 20°C, reproducibility was obtained for the overgarment but not for the athletic garment; at 40°C, mean δToes appeared to be reproducible with both garments. However, when individual responses were examined, there was little reproducibility for either δTr or δToes . In addition, these measurements failed to show differences in the types of clothing worn. It was concluded that the use of core temperature to assess heat stress imposed by wearing clothing during exercise may lead to erroneous conclusions. 相似文献
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In the current work we present a computational investigation of high speed penetration response of 3D orthogonal woven fiber composites (3D OWC) utilizing sub-unit cell, meso-level partitioned damage mechanics with the specific aim of understanding the role of Z-fibers in the mechanical response. In our model, two primary sources of nonlinearities have been addressed – one resulting from the strain rate dependence and large deformation of the composite constituents and the other from evolving failure. We reduce a number of arbitrary parameters typically present in high speed models by taking advantage of specific geometrical properties of 3D OWC which prevent extensive delamination. This property allows us to partition the structure into resin impregnated fibers assumed to be wholly responsible for the progressive damage behavior and bulk resin which is identified as the source of visco-plasticity and strain rate dependence. The fibers are modeled as anisotropic linear elastic with strain rate dependent progressive damage evolution. The resin is modeled using an advanced high strain rate large deformation Mulliken–Boyce polymer model (Mulliken and Boyce 2006) together with a terminal thermo-mechanical failure criterion. The projectile is assumed to be cylindrical, isothermal, rigid and impacting at right angles to the plate. The shape of the damaged area and the extent of penetrative damage compares favorably with experiments. We find that Z-fibers aid in improving penetration and impact resistance by both energy absorption and structural engagement. However, we also find that they are susceptible to localized de-bonding especially around the winding crowns. In addition, we found crucial differences in mechanical response in wave propagation brought about by the interplay of fiber architecture and damage with respect to simplified membrane models.Finally, the Z-fibers were found to influence the shape and nature of the damaged area in the fibers compared to layered composites where the matrix damage is spread more evenly while the fiber damage is restricted towards the fiber axes directions. 相似文献
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This paper presents the investigation of the characteristic behaviour of polymer matrix composites under Charpy impact conditions with different design configurations of the laminate structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of different lamination designs for composite materials, in term of contact load, energy absorption, deflection and damage behaviour. In this study, laminated panels were fabricated using chopped strand mat (CSM), woven roving fabric (WR) and foam-PVC Klegecell as reinforcement with a combination of epoxy or polyester resin, respectively. Structural panels of composite laminates were produced using a hand lay-up technique. Each configuration design was impact tested to failure. Finite element analyses (FEA) were employed in this study to correlate the experimental value of energy absorption with simulation results. The characteristics of different reinforcement types, matrix type, hybrid type, architecture and orientation type were studied. These characteristics need to be considered, due to their affecting the characteristic behaviour of the composite lamination structures. Based on the results, it was found that differences in configuration design of the lamination structure of the polymer matrix composites do influence the strength and weakness of the materials. 相似文献
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棉纺细纱大牵伸工艺的演变与发展(上) 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
系统阐述了棉纺细纱大牵伸工艺的演变历程.棉纺细纱牵伸工艺是随着总牵伸倍数的增大和成纱质量要求不断提高而发展的,形成了"重加压、强控制"细纱大牵伸基本工艺路线.介绍了细纱大牵伸发展过程中后区出现的两类工艺,实践验证,实现细纱大牵伸后区应采用小牵伸工艺.分析了细纱前区工艺配置对牵伸质量的影响,指出机织纱工艺配置前区"小浮游区长度、小钳口隔距、小罗拉中心距"是可行的,而针织纱工艺要适可而止.介绍了机织纱工艺、针织纱工艺和V形牵伸工艺的机理及细纱大牵伸的发展,探讨了重定量大牵伸高效工艺的应用效果,R2V型牵伸及V形牵伸后区附加压力棒牵伸形式的发展潜力. 相似文献
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