竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用及其机理研究

目的:研究竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-糖苷酶的抑制作用。方法:本实验采用体外抑制模型评价竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶（酵母菌来源、小鼠小肠来源）和α-淀粉酶的抑制活性。并采用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数法研究α-葡萄糖苷酶的动力学性质。结果:竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶（酵母菌来源）的半数抑制浓度（IC50）为（0.660±0.145）mg·m L-1,对小鼠小肠内α-葡萄糖苷酶半数抑制浓度（1.944±0.078）mg·m L-1,α-淀粉酶的半数抑制浓度为（1.185±0.132）mg·m L-1。动力学研究表明,竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用为典型非竞争性抑制。结论:竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-糖苷酶活性的抑制效果显著,具有很好的开发利用价值。      

不同优株花椒甲醇提取物麻味素、总多酚、总黄酮含量测定及抗氧化能力研究

为了从17种不同品种的花椒中筛选出最佳的优良品种,本研究以17种不同丰产优株花椒果皮为原材料,测定了花椒中麻味素、总多酚和总黄酮含量及抗氧化能力,并进行相关性分析。结果表明在17种不同花椒优株椒皮中,花椒果皮中总多酚、总黄酮和麻味素含量最高的样品分别是来自绳池的M37、M1和来自陕县的S1,而M31样品中总黄酮和总多酚含量最低,M4样品中麻味素含量最低。不同花椒果皮提取物均具有很好的还原能力和DPPH自由基清除力,且总多酚和总黄酮均与还原能力和DPPH自由基清除力之间呈现良好的相关性。研究表明,从大田中优选出的17株花椒丰产优株中,花椒果皮的主要活性成分具有显著差异,来自渑池的M37、M1和来自陕县的S1、来自灵宝的L1等丰产优株树可以作为不同花椒良种进行培植。      

花椒生物碱提取工艺及抗氧化、抑制酪氨酸酶活性研究

以花椒为实验材料,选用超声波辅助提取法提取花椒中的生物碱,应用单因素和响应面实验优化花椒生物碱的提取工艺,用DPPH法研究其抗氧化活性,并对其抑制酪氨酸酶的活性进行了研究。结果表明,花椒生物碱的最佳提取工艺条件为:超声功率233W,超声时间11min,料液比1∶16g/mL,乙醇浓度79%,花椒生物碱提取率达到1.19%。花椒生物碱对DPPH自由基清除的IC50值为0.0599mg/mL,抑制酪氨酸酶活性的IC50为1.212mg/mL,说明花椒生物碱有一定的抗氧化和抑制酪氨酸酶活性的能力,但此两种活性均弱于VC。      

基于微量元素多元统计和微观形态分析的花椒叶产地及品种判别

目的 采用微量元素多元统计和微观形态分析相结合的手段,从元素含量分布和形态结构的角度鉴别不同产地、品种的花椒叶,为市面上花椒叶混售、以次充好的现象提供解决思路。方法 采用湿法消解结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱技术同步检测不同产地、品种12个样品中的Ba、Ce、Ho、La、Tm、Mo、Pr、Sr、P、Mg10种微量元素。利用主成分分析与聚类分析对数据进行研究,并基于扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)的微观形态分析佐证了多元统计分析的结论 。结果 主成分分析结果 显示, 2个主成分贡献率达到68.05%,样品可显著聚类为2类,扫描电镜下伏椒叶与油椒叶结构差异显著。部分元素的数值特征可将不同产地的伏椒叶和油椒叶进行区分。结论 本研究能够有效地判别不同产地、品种的花椒叶,可以为相关问题解决提供思路。     

Quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Using computer vision system combined with artificial neural network: A novel method

A novel technology based on computer vision system (CVS) and artificial neural network (ANN) was developed for the quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (HZB). The quality evaluation of HZB mainly depended on its colour, odour substances, and impurities. In this study, the contents of volatile oil (VOC), total alkylamides (TALC) and impurities (IMC) were determined and used as indices for quality control of HZB. Furthermore, CVS was also performed to determine the colour parameters (RGB values) and further transforms to CIE L*, a^*, and b*. Then, ANN was carried out to analyse the correlations between colour values obtained by CVS and quality parameters of HZB (VOC, TALC, and IMC). Higher performance and stability were presented by using CVS for determining the coloristic values of HZB. In addition, the present results also showed that the established method based on ANN could be used to predict the VOC, TALC, and IMC of HZB with the R² values of 0.9991, 0.9995, and 0.9998, respectively. This novel technology based on CVS combined with ANN could be used for the rapid, non-destructive, and effective evaluation of the quality of HZB.     

Biodiversity,Phylogeny, and Antifungal Functions of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Zanthoxylum bungeanum

This study investigated the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum. A total of 940 isolates obtained were grouped into 93 morphotypes, 43 species, and 23 genera, which were authenticated by molecular identification based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. A high diversity of endophytic fungi from Z. bungeanum are observed with high species richness S (43), Margalef index D′ (6.1351), Shannon–Wiener index H′ (3.2743), Simpson diversity index D_s (0.9476), PIE index (0.9486), and evenness Pielou index J (0.8705) but a low dominant index λ (0.0524). Significant tissue specificity of the endophytic fungi was observed in Z. bungeanum, and the highest species richness and diversity indexes were obtained in the stem. Phylogenetic analyses of the 93 endophytic isolates were carried out by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to demonstrate their evolutionary processes. Antifungal activities of endophytic fungi were assayed and eight endophytic isolates showed strong and long-lasting inhibition against host pathogenic fungi Fusarium sambucinum and Pseudocercospora zanthoxyli. Here, for the first time, we systematically demonstrate the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi associated with Z. bungeanum and reveal the value of sampling different tissues of a given plant to obtain the greatest endophyte species diversity, which might offer a framework for further investigation and utilization of endophytic fungi as aunique source of interesting and useful bioactive compounds.     

基于高光谱成像技术的青花椒产地识别研究

目的 基于高光谱成像技术结合机器学习建立一种青花椒产地的快速识别方法,实现四川、贵州、云南、重庆等10个青花椒主要产地样品的快速无损鉴别。方法 本研究利用全平皿法、五点平均法和中心点法3种不同的兴趣区域(region of interest, ROI)提取方式,获得平行光谱数据,分别采用5种预处理方法消除数据噪声提升模型性能,并比较了偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least square-discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)、随机森林(random forests, RF)和支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM) 3种模型的产地识别效果。结果 采用全平皿法提取兴趣区域,通过二阶导(second derivative, D2)预处理后建立的RF模型分类效果最佳,训练集和测试集的准确率均可达到100%。进一步采用连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm, SPA)选择27个特征波长建模,结果表明多元散射校正(multiplicative scatter correction, MSC)-RF模...     

New Coumarin Derivatives and Other Constituents from the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae: Effects on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses

Three new coumarin derivatives, 8-formylalloxanthoxyletin (1), avicennone (2), and (Z)-avicennone (3), have been isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae (Z. avicennae), together with 15 known compounds (4–18). The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Compounds 1, 4, 9, 12, and 15 exhibited inhibition (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ≤7.65 µg/mL) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Compounds 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC₅₀ values ≤8.17 µg/mL. This investigation reveals bioactive isolates (especially 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 12 and 15) could be further developed as potential candidates for the treatment or prevention of various inflammatory diseases.