Quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Using computer vision system combined with artificial neural network: A novel method

A novel technology based on computer vision system (CVS) and artificial neural network (ANN) was developed for the quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (HZB). The quality evaluation of HZB mainly depended on its colour, odour substances, and impurities. In this study, the contents of volatile oil (VOC), total alkylamides (TALC) and impurities (IMC) were determined and used as indices for quality control of HZB. Furthermore, CVS was also performed to determine the colour parameters (RGB values) and further transforms to CIE L*, a^*, and b*. Then, ANN was carried out to analyse the correlations between colour values obtained by CVS and quality parameters of HZB (VOC, TALC, and IMC). Higher performance and stability were presented by using CVS for determining the coloristic values of HZB. In addition, the present results also showed that the established method based on ANN could be used to predict the VOC, TALC, and IMC of HZB with the R² values of 0.9991, 0.9995, and 0.9998, respectively. This novel technology based on CVS combined with ANN could be used for the rapid, non-destructive, and effective evaluation of the quality of HZB.     

Biodiversity,Phylogeny, and Antifungal Functions of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Zanthoxylum bungeanum

This study investigated the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum. A total of 940 isolates obtained were grouped into 93 morphotypes, 43 species, and 23 genera, which were authenticated by molecular identification based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. A high diversity of endophytic fungi from Z. bungeanum are observed with high species richness S (43), Margalef index D′ (6.1351), Shannon–Wiener index H′ (3.2743), Simpson diversity index D_s (0.9476), PIE index (0.9486), and evenness Pielou index J (0.8705) but a low dominant index λ (0.0524). Significant tissue specificity of the endophytic fungi was observed in Z. bungeanum, and the highest species richness and diversity indexes were obtained in the stem. Phylogenetic analyses of the 93 endophytic isolates were carried out by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to demonstrate their evolutionary processes. Antifungal activities of endophytic fungi were assayed and eight endophytic isolates showed strong and long-lasting inhibition against host pathogenic fungi Fusarium sambucinum and Pseudocercospora zanthoxyli. Here, for the first time, we systematically demonstrate the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi associated with Z. bungeanum and reveal the value of sampling different tissues of a given plant to obtain the greatest endophyte species diversity, which might offer a framework for further investigation and utilization of endophytic fungi as aunique source of interesting and useful bioactive compounds.     

基于高光谱成像技术的青花椒产地识别研究

目的 基于高光谱成像技术结合机器学习建立一种青花椒产地的快速识别方法,实现四川、贵州、云南、重庆等10个青花椒主要产地样品的快速无损鉴别。方法 本研究利用全平皿法、五点平均法和中心点法3种不同的兴趣区域(region of interest, ROI)提取方式,获得平行光谱数据,分别采用5种预处理方法消除数据噪声提升模型性能,并比较了偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least square-discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)、随机森林(random forests, RF)和支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM) 3种模型的产地识别效果。结果 采用全平皿法提取兴趣区域,通过二阶导(second derivative, D2)预处理后建立的RF模型分类效果最佳,训练集和测试集的准确率均可达到100%。进一步采用连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm, SPA)选择27个特征波长建模,结果表明多元散射校正(multiplicative scatter correction, MSC)-RF模...     

New Coumarin Derivatives and Other Constituents from the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae: Effects on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses

Three new coumarin derivatives, 8-formylalloxanthoxyletin (1), avicennone (2), and (Z)-avicennone (3), have been isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae (Z. avicennae), together with 15 known compounds (4–18). The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Compounds 1, 4, 9, 12, and 15 exhibited inhibition (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ≤7.65 µg/mL) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Compounds 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC₅₀ values ≤8.17 µg/mL. This investigation reveals bioactive isolates (especially 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 12 and 15) could be further developed as potential candidates for the treatment or prevention of various inflammatory diseases.     

GC/MS法分析花椒挥发油的化学成分

用水蒸气蒸馏法对岳阳产花椒果实进行挥发成份的提取 ,测得挥发油的含量为 1 .2 %。用 GC/ MS分析法对其进行了分离、鉴定。初步分离出 60余个峰 ,鉴定出 5 2种物质 ,用面积归一法确定其相对含量。在被测物质中 ,烃类化合物有 1 8种 ,主要物质为石竹烯 (占被测组分的 (下同 ) 8.4 4% )、大根香叶烯 (2 .99% )等。有机含氧化合物 3 4种 ,主要组分为 γ-萜品醇 (1 0 .3 % )、β-萜品醇 (9.3 7% )、水芹醇 (8.78% )、石竹烯含氧化合物 (4.2 3 % )等     

分子蒸馏对高酸值花椒籽油脱酸的初步探讨

利用分子蒸馏装置对高酸值花椒籽油进行脱酸来表明脱酸效果显著,重馏份（油脂）的得率高,对酸值在10mgKOH/g-40mgKOH/g花椒籽油进行脱酸,得到的油脂酸值均小于4mgKOH/g,同时所得到轻馏份（脂肪酸）酸值均在192mgKOH/g-198.5mgKOH/g之间。     

HPLC检测大鼠组织样品中花椒麻素方法的建立

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定大鼠组织样品中花椒麻素含量的方法。方法：采用Intersil ODSSP C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为分析柱,流动相甲醇-水（70∶30,V/V）,流速0.5 mL/min,检测波长 254 nm。结果：心、肝、脾、肺、肾脏、脑、胃、小肠、脂肪、肌肉、皮肤、睾丸及前列腺的线性范围分别为 0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.998 6）、0.1～50 μg/mL（r=0.999 9）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 7）、0.1～10 μg/mL （r=0.998 9）、0.1～20 μg/mL（r=0.999 3）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 5）、0.1～100 μg/mL（r=0.999 9）、 0.1～50 μg/mL（r=0.998 2）、0.1～20 μg/mL（r=0.995 6）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.998 8）、0.1～10 μg/mL （r=0.999 7）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 8）及0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 8）。方法平均回收率大于 82%,日内日间变异均小于11%,稳定性良好。结论：本方法准确、快速、重复性好,适用于大鼠组织样 品中花椒麻素含量的测定。     

花椒精油挥发性物质分析及其对红白血病HEL细胞分化和凋亡的影响

目的 研究余庆花椒精油(Yuqing Zanthoxylum bungeanum Essential Oil,YZBO)的挥发性化学物质及其对红白血病HEL细胞分化和凋亡的影响。方法 采用HS-SPME-GC-MS检测分析YZBO的挥发性风味,并以不同质量浓度(1 μg/mL、5 μg/mL和10 μg/mL)YZBO处理HEL细胞24h后,采用MTT和台酚蓝计数分析细胞存活,流式细胞仪检测HEL细胞CD71、CD235a、CD41的分化以及ROS情况,流式细胞仪和Hoechst33258染色法检测HEL细胞凋亡情况。结果 YZBO含有99种化学成分,包括28种醇类物质、7种酯类物质、1种醛类物质、6种酸类物质、4种酮类物质、37种烯烃类、7种烷烃类物质、2种炔烃类物质、2种酚类物质和5种其他物质。橙花叔醇、榄香醇和τ-杜松醇是主要的醇类物质,乙酸苯乙酯和异乔木萜醇乙酸酯是其的主要酯类物质。YZBO对HEL细胞的IC50值为2.94386 μg/mL,促进CD71(45.6%)和CD235a(38.8%)的分化,而对CD41的分化不明显,诱导HEL细胞程序性凋亡,凋亡数目呈剂量和时间依赖性,镜下和染色观察发现细胞体积变小,核固缩以及呈高亮蓝色等典型细胞凋亡形态学改变。结论 YZBO的化合物主要是烷类、醇类和烯类化合物,具有抗红白血病HEL细胞的生物活性,促进分化未成熟的HEL细胞向成熟细胞方向分化,抑制向巨核细胞方向分化,并诱导其凋亡。     

花椒挥发油超临界CO2萃取的工艺优化及GC-MS分析

本文以花椒油得率为指标,通过响应面法优化超临界CO_2法萃取花椒挥发油工艺,并利用GC-MS分析挥发油的成分,同时以水蒸气蒸馏法作对比。结果表明,当温度42℃,压力30 MPa,提取180 min时,超临界CO_2法的得率高达12.70%,是水蒸气蒸馏法得率的2.27倍。GC-MS分析发现两种提取方法所得挥发油的组成相似,含量差异较大,主要成分有花椒油素(32.99%/10.56%)、芳樟醇(4.68%/4.84%)、桉叶油醇(3.92%/5.84%)、α-松油醇(4.55%/7.04%)、4-萜烯醇(2.95%/10.42%)、乙酸松油酯(5.19%/7.24%)、薄荷酮(5.40%/4.41%)、茴香脑(2.91%/3.73%)等,其中超临界CO_2法所得挥发油中的花椒油素含量最高,达到32.99%。这说明与传统的水蒸气蒸馏法相比,超临界CO_2萃取法的提取效率更高,而且所得挥发油含有高含量的花椒油素,这为花椒油素的提纯,花椒挥发油的开发利用提供了参考。