柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的合成进展

概述了柠檬酸酯增塑剂中两个主要品种柠檬酸三丁酯和乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的催化合成进展。介绍了固体超强酸、稀土固体酸,杂多酸等催化剂的催化效果和特点。指出高效,无毒,无公害的催化剂的是今后研究的重点。     

高纯乙酰氯生产工艺的改进

通过对国内乙酰氯现有生产工艺的考察、研究,对传统的醋酸和三氯化磷合成法进行了工艺改进,改进后工艺的产品收率比原来提高近6%,达到96.3%以上,产品质量达到99.0%以上,反应条件更加温和,操作容易控制,基本无三废产生,生产成本明显降低。     

Acetyl‐capped paraformaldehyde as crosslinking agent for BMI‐modified novolac resin for resin transfer molding

Paraformaldehyde was end‐capped with acetyl groups and was applied as a crosslinking agent for a bismaleimide (BMI)‐modified novolac resin system. The processibility of the resin system containing 5 wt % crosslinking agent still met the need for resin transfer molding (RTM), whereas the thermomechanical properties of crosslinked resin improved significantly. The composites based on the resin system and woven glass fabric showed better flexural strength, modulus, and higher retention rates at 200 and 300°C than that based on a resin system without acetyl‐capped paraformaldehyde. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1265–1271, 2002     

N（2）—乙酰基—9—[（2—乙酰氧乙氧基）甲基]鸟嘌呤的制备工艺条件的研究

人工神经网络由于其具有较好的自组织,自学习,多输入,多输出的能力,在预测方面已取得了广泛应用,本文将BP人工神经网络应用于N（2）－乙酰基－9－[2(2-乙酰氧乙氧基）甲基鸟嘌令的制备工艺条件快速 准确地确定工艺影响参数及其范围的问题。     

醋酸纤维素化学结构对反渗透膜性能的影响

由于纤维素化学结构的特殊性，不同工艺条件制备的醋酸纤维素，即使平均聚合度和酯化度相同的成品，因其乙酰基和羟基在纤维素大分子及基环中分布均一性的差异，会导致所铸反渗透膜水通量和脱盐率的不同。     

甲基苯丙胺免疫层析测试条的研制

采用枸橼酸三钠还原氯金酸制备胶体金颗粒，标记甲基苯丙胺单克隆抗体，制成免疫层析测试条，建立了一种简易快速、自测式胶体金免疫层析法，并用于尿液中甲基苯丙胺的检测。尿液中的甲基苯丙胺与测试条上金标记抗体结合后沿着硝酸纤维素膜移动，与膜上的固相二抗或抗原结合，根据是否出现肉眼可见的红色线条判断人体尿液中是否含有甲基苯丙胺。结果显示，甲基苯丙胺免疫层析测试条只与甲基苯丙胺发生特异性反应，符合中国药品生物制品检定所制定的检测甲基苯丙胺标准品的标准，灵敏度为1000μg／L，与典型的麻醉药物和镇静药物无交叉反应。甲基苯丙胺免疫层析测试条检测尿液中的甲基苯丙胺具有特异性强、灵敏度高、结果显示清楚、快速、简便、省时、实用等特点。     

DCC／DMAP 催化制备乙酰阿魏酸乙酯

以4－羟基－3－甲氧基苯甲醛为起始原料，合成了中间产物乙酰阿魏酸，再以N，N－二环己基碳二亚胺（ DCC）和4－二甲胺基吡啶（ DMAP）为催化剂，通过酯化反应制备了乙酰阿魏酸乙酯，各步产物通过红外光谱、质谱和元素分析对其结构进行表征确认。实验结果表明：在室温下，催化剂用量为乙酰阿魏酸用量的3％，反应时间为4 h的条件下，产率达到75％，为最优条件。     

对甲基苯磺酸催化合成三乙酰没食子酸

以没食子酸与乙酸酐为原料,对甲基苯磺酸作催化剂,合成三乙酰没食子酸,考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对产品的影响。结果表明,酰化反应较佳的工艺条件是：n（没食子酸）∶n（乙酸酐）∶n（对甲基苯磺酸）=1∶2∶0.5,反应时间为1.5 h,反应温度为60℃,此时三乙酰没食子酸的收率为77.58%。     

乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的催化合成

目前常用的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂可能诱发致癌,国内外都在寻找能够替代的无毒增塑剂,柠檬酸酯类增塑剂是安全的替代增塑剂之一.今以柠檬酸三丁酯和乙酸酐为原料,研究了硫酸氢钠、大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的过程,考察了原料摩尔配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯收率的影响.在适宜条件下,两种催化剂催化合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的收率可分别达到99.5%和99.8%.精制后,乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的含量经气相色谱分析大于99%.催化剂重复使用情况的考察表明:硫酸氢钠有较好的重复使用性;使用后经无水乙醇洗涤并干燥过的大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂也具有很好的重复使用性.     

Transcriptional Profiling of Whisker Follicles and of the Striatum in Methamphetamine Self-Administered Rats

Methamphetamine (MA) use disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric disease characterized by recurrent binge episodes, intervals of abstinence, and relapses to MA use. Therefore, identification of the key genes and pathways involved is important for improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. In this study, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to find the key genes and examine the comparability of gene expression between whisker follicles and the striatum of rats following MA self-administration. A total of 253 and 87 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in whisker follicles and the striatum, respectively. Multivariate and network analyses were performed on these DEGs to find hub genes and key pathways within the constructed network. A total of 129 and 49 genes were finally selected from the DEG sets of whisker follicles and of the striatum. Statistically significant DEGs were found to belong to the classes of genes involved in nicotine addiction, cocaine addiction, and amphetamine addiction in the striatum as well as in Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases in whisker follicles. Of note, several genes and pathways including retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and the synaptic vesicle cycle pathway were common between the two tissues. Therefore, this study provides the first data on gene expression levels in whisker follicles and in the striatum in relation to MA reward and thereby may accelerate the research on the whisker follicle as an alternative source of biomarkers for the diagnosis of MA use disorder.