催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐的研究进展

详细介绍了氮氧自由基催化氧化法和贵金属催化氧化法合成脂肪醇醚羧酸盐。氮氧自由基催化时,反应温度20～60℃,反应时间3～6 h,得到酸型产品。贵金属催化剂中,钯的催化活性比铂高。贵金属催化时,加入铅、铋等助催化剂,并以活性炭为载体,碱性条件下于50～90℃反应2～6 h,得到盐型产品。在适当的条件下,这两种方法均可使醇醚转化率达95％,选择性达90％以上。     

The biodegradability of two primary alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants under practical conditions,and the toxicity of the biodegradation products to rainbow trout

A field trial has been performed to measure the biodegradability of two typical alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants, “Dobanol” 45-7 and “Dobanol” 45-11, by dosing them to biological filters in a mixture with domestic sewage. Influent levels were 10 and 25 mg l^?1 of each surfactant and 96–98% degradation was achieved within a temperature range of 5–10°C. The surfactants had no adverse effects on the filters in terms of the usual sanitary parameters (BOD, COD, TOC and ammoniacal nitrogen). Tests on the effluents indicated no residual acute lethal toxicity to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri).     

环氧乙烷及其精深加工产业现状与发展

综述了过去3年来国内外环氧乙烷生产及其精深加工产业现状和发展趋势,并初步探讨了我国今后环氧乙烷及其精深加工产业的发展趋势。     

Determination of ethylene oxide content inn-Alcohol ethoxylates by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Proton Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data were collected onn-alcohol ethoxylates and used to calculate the percent ethylene oxide (EO) content of then-alcohol ethoxylate without an internal or external standard. The accuracy and precision of the method were determined from ten repetitive analyses of hexaethylene glycol monon-dodecyl ether. The standard deviation was 0.23 wt% EO with a relative standard deviation of 0.40%. The method had a relative error of +0.55% and an absolute error of +0.32% EO. This paper was presented at the 20th ISF World Congress/83rd AOCS Annual Meeting and Exposition in Toronto, Canada, May 10–14, 1992.     

原油中中性氮和烷基酚化合物的分离制备及分析应用

该文介绍了一种原油中中性氮化合物和烷基酚化合物分离制备的新方法.在自制的C¹⁸非极性填料的层析柱上,用正己烷淋洗除去沥青质的原油样品,除去饱和烃、芳烃,继续用正己烷淋洗,制备出中性氮化合物;再用二氯甲烷淋洗得到烷基酚化合物.实验证明,方法的稳定性和重复性令人满意,同其它的方法相比,节省试剂、分析周期短,中性氮化合物纯度较高.     

紫外二阶导数光谱法测DTY油剂中烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚含量

介绍了紫外二阶导数光谱法直接测定ＤＴＹ油剂中烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（ＯＰ）含量的方法，并消除了其它共存物质的干扰。实验表明：该方法线性范围２５～７００ｍｇ／Ｌ，标准偏差０．０９４％，标准加入回收率９９．９％～１０１．７％。     

Effect of Narrow Oxirane Adduct Distribution on the Adsorption of Disodium Alcohol Ethoxylates Sulfosuccinate at Air–Aqueous Solution Interface

Adsorption behaviors at the air–water interface were presented for disodium alcohol ethoxylate sulfosuccinates (AESS) with narrow and broad oxirane adduct distribution. The CMC and equilibrium surface tension γ_eq of broad‐range distributed (BRD) and narrow‐range distributed (NRD) AESS₂ (with average degrees of ethoxylation of 2) were measured by the Wilhelmy plate method, while the adsorption and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The effect of temperature and inorganic electrolyte on adsorption behaviors of these two surfactants was also investigated. The results show that NRD AESS₂ displays a lower CMC and higher γ_eq compared with BRD AESS₂. At the same time, the maximum surface excess concentration Γ_max of NRD AESS₂ was lower than that of BRD AESS₂ because of its larger steric hindrance, leading to the different adsorption and thermodynamic parameters. The adsorption of NRD AESS₂ and BRD AESS₂ was weakened with increasing temperature and enhanced in the presence of inorganic electrolyte.     

蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化物的合成及物化性能

先用酯交换甲酯化法制备了蓖麻油酸甲酯,再与环氧乙烷(EO)反应合成了不同平均EO数的蓖麻油酸甲酯乙氧基化物(CA-MEE),分析了EO数分布,测定了物化性能。结果表明,EO对酯基的选择性高于对仲羟基的选择性;CA-MEE的浊点为37．7～66．2℃,γcmc为36．52～37．38 mN／m,cmc为(1．73～3．94)×10-5 mol／L,润湿力为183~457 s,对大豆油的乳化能力为17．2～25．9 min,而对石蜡的乳化能力稳定在7．8～9．8 min。与其他表面活性剂对比可知,平均EO数为10的CA-MEE的γcmc大于OMS-10,而cmc则低于OMS- 10;CA-MEE的润湿力比COMEE-8和OMS的弱,但乳化力却优于COMEE-8和OMS。     

油酸甲酯乙氧基化物耐酸耐碱性研究

将油酸甲酯乙氧基化物(OMEE)作为研究对象,通过FT-IR鉴定结构;分别采用国标法和质量法定性、定量测定FMEE和OMEE耐酸耐碱性。由实验结果可知,OMEE与常规饱和脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物(FMEE)在结构上存在碳碳双键的差异;国标法不适用于脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物耐酸耐碱性的测定;在任意p H值,OMEE的水解率始终高于FMEE;在p H=13时,FMEE和OMEE水解速率最快,且在170 h时OMEE水解完全;FMEE在p H=2~9、500 h时水解率仍小于20%;OMEE在p H小于13时,水解率受p H和时间影响较小。     

油墨用松香改性酚醛树脂

文章阐述了松香改性酚醛树脂的工艺,粘度,正庚烷容纳度之间的关系,以及树脂配方,烷基酚的选择,改性的方法,工艺参数对性能的影响。