筛前神经及下鼻甲激光切割术治疗过敏性鼻炎29例临床观察

本文介绍了用筛前神经和下鼻甲激光切割术治疗２９例过敏性鼻炎病人，有效率为９７％。随访６个月至２年，除２例于术后６个月复发外，余者均未复发。实践表明这一手术优于翼管神经手术，优点是：１、解剖标志清楚；２、手术操作简便且易于掌握；３、并发症少而不严重。本文对这一手术的方法，术后处置和疗效进行了讨论。     

Adenosine Signaling in Mast Cells and Allergic Diseases

Adenosine is a nucleoside involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Its effects are mediated through its binding to G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2a, A2b and A3. The receptors differ in the type of G protein they recruit, in the effect on adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity and the downstream signaling pathway triggered. Adenosine can produce both an enhancement and an inhibition of mast cell degranulation, indicating that adenosine effects on these receptors is controversial and remains to be clarified. Depending on the study model, A1, A2b, and A3 receptors have shown anti- or pro-inflammatory activity. However, most studies reported an anti-inflammatory activity of A2a receptor. The precise knowledge of the adenosine mechanism of action may allow to develop more efficient therapies for allergic diseases by using selective agonist and antagonist against specific receptor subtypes.     

5 nm Silver Nanoparticles Amplify Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis in Mice by Activating Mast Cells

The triggering effect of silver nanoparticles (NPs) on the induction of allergic reactions is evaluated, by studying the activation of mast cells and the clinical features of atopic dermatitis in a mouse model. Granule release is induced in RBL‐2H3 mast cells by 5 nm, but not 100 nm silver NPs. Increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial superoxide) and intracellular Ca⁺⁺ in mast cells are induced by 5 nm silver NPs. In a mouse model of atopic dermatitis induced by a mite allergen, the skin lesions are more severe and appear earlier in mice treated simultaneously with 5 nm silver NPs and allergen compared with mice treated with allergen alone or 100 nm silver NPs and allergen. The histological findings reveal that number of tryptase‐positive mast cells and total IgE levels in the serum increase in mice treated with 5 nm silver NPs and allergen. The results in this study indicate that cotreatment with 5 nm silver NPs stimulates mast cell degranulation and induces earlier and more severe clinical alterations in allergy‐prone individuals.     

‘Nickel Allergy’ arising from decorative nickel plated and alloyed articles: prevention at source

This work builds on papers published in Transactions during 2015 and 2018 reporting research into low-cost commercial methods for the prevention of nickel release from decorative nickel plated articles, rendering them suitable for placement on the European market in accordance with the requirements of REACH. ‘Nickel Allergy’ sometimes occurs when nickel-containing articles are in direct and prolonged contact with the skin, leading to corrosion of elemental nickel by sweat, liberating sufficient nickel ions to be absorbed through the skin and initiate an allergenic effect. The EU ‘Nickel Restrictions’ impose limits on the amount of nickel released from articles intended for use in this application, but permits a non-nickel surface coating that can ensure the rate of nickel release does not exceed 0.5?µg?cm^?2 week^?1 after 2 years of normal use. The official tests for coated items are simulated wear and corrosion under EN 12472 followed by determination of nickel release under EN 1811. Earlier work concluded that suitable barrier coatings over bright electrodeposited nickel are regular chromium deposited from a hexavalent electrolyte, microporous trivalent chromium from a chloride electrolyte and UV cured PU electrophoretic coatings. Further tests reported here focused on nickel release from examples of wearable articles such as costume jewellery and watch cases. A typical flash coating of gold over bright nickel is thin and porous and being more noble, causes the rate of nickel release to be accelerated; but this can be prevented by an intermediate barrier coating of electrodeposited palladium. To round out the relevance of this study on wearable articles, nickel release tests were also conducted on nickel-containing Grades 304 (UNS S30400) and 316 (UNS S31600) austenitic stainless steels, plus a typical gold alloy containing nickel. All passed the nickel release tests satisfactorily.     

A comparative study on the antioxidative and anti‐allergic activities of fresh and aged black garlic extracts

The antioxidative and anti‐allergic activities of fresh and aged black garlic extracts were investigated. The garlic samples were extracted with 70% ethanol (v/v) and the total phenolic content was measured. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was assessed by determining the scavenging activities on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals, ferricyanide reducing power, ferrous ion‐chelating ability and inhibitory effect on linoleic acid peroxidation. The anti‐allergic activity of extracts was analysed by measuring their inhibitory effects against β‐hexosaminidase release. The aged black garlic exhibited significantly higher phenolic content and greater antioxidative activity than fresh garlic. Both garlic extracts showed strong antioxidant capacity in a dose‐dependent manner. On the other hand, a considerably higher suppression of β‐hexosaminidase release was found in fresh garlic extract at lower concentration compared with that of the black garlic. Results of this study illustrate that ageing of garlic could enhance its antioxidant capacity, but could decrease its anti‐allergic activity.     

MicroRNA in United Airway Diseases

The concept of united airway diseases (UAD) has received increasing attention in recent years. Sustained and increased inflammation is a common feature of UAD, which is inevitably accompanied with marked gene modification and tight gene regulation. However, gene regulation in the common inflammatory processes in UAD remains unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA), a novel regulator of gene expression, has been considered to be involved in many inflammatory diseases. Although there are an increasing number of studies of miRNAs in inflammatory upper and lower airway diseases, few miRNAs have been identified that directly link the upper and lower airways. In this article, therefore, we reviewed the relevant studies available in order to improve the understanding of the roles of miRNAs in the interaction and pathogenesis of UAD.     

Food allergy,a summary of eight cases in the UK criminal and civil courts: effective last resort for vulnerable consumers?

Food allergy has a forensic context. The authors describe eight cases in the UK courts involving fatalities, personal injury or criminal non‐compliance with food law from mainly ‘grey’ literature sources. The potentially severe consequences for people with food allergy of contraventions of labelling law have led to enforcement action up to criminal prosecution for what might otherwise be regarded as ‘trivial’ non‐compliance. The authors suggest there should be central collation of such cases. Non‐compliances should be followed up in a more rapid and robust manner. Evidence of fraud in the catering supply chain supports recent calls for zero tolerance of food fraud. Businesses must guard against gaps in allergen management, for which there are readily available sources of training and guidance, but also against fraudulent substitution in the supply chain, about which training and guidance should be developed. New allergen labelling legislation and case law appear to place responsibility on food businesses even for the forensically problematic area of allergen cross‐contamination. The courts can be an effective last resort for vulnerable consumers; however, there is evidence of knowledge and skill gaps in both the investigation and prosecution of potentially serious incidents of food allergen mismanagement and mislabelling. Thorough investigation of food allergy deaths is required with a tenacious and skilled approach, including early realisation that samples of the food and/or stomach contents from a post mortem examination should be retained and analysed. The supply chain must be rigorously examined to find out where adulteration or contamination with the fatal allergen occurred. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

腰果过敏蛋白Anao2与Anao3结构分析及致敏性预测

为了解腰果主要过敏蛋白的分子结构及过敏性特征,通过有机溶剂脱脂、盐析、透析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-150分离纯化得到腰果主要过敏蛋白,采用紫外分光光度计、BCA定量试剂盒、十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、蛋白质免疫印迹(Western-Blotting)等手段检测腰果过敏蛋白及评价其免疫...     

激光治疗过敏性鼻炎及其免疫功能的变化

目的:观察He-Ne激光鼻腔照射配合药物治疗过敏性鼻炎的效果。并进行免疫数据分析取得可信证据。方法:对用He-Ne激光鼻腔照射配合口服抗组胺药物加局部使用雷诺考特喷鼻剂67例(观察组)和药物对照组30例(对照组)的过敏性鼻炎患者进行治疗和疗效对比。此外单纯用激光照射对过敏性鼻炎观察治疗35例,并进行体液免疫动态追踪。结果:两组治疗前后总有效率相比,P<0.05,有显著差异。说明观察组疗效优于对照组。并在停药后第1、2、3、4周两组总有效率差异有显著性意义,停药后观察组总有效率明显较对照组高,且随停药时间延长,其总有效率间差距逐渐增大。从体液免疫动态观察看患者血清中IgE含量比正常人高(约4倍)[1]。结论:He-Ne激光鼻腔照射配合药物治疗成人过敏性鼻炎是安全有效、标本兼治、副作用少,并有着免疫增强和免疫抑制双向良性调节作用的一种有效疗法,值得临床推广。     

Allergic and toxic reactions caused by cream bases in dermatological patients

Irritant and allergic reactions from cream bases observed in eczema patients are reviewed. The frequency of allergic reactions to the ingredients of vehicles in eczema patients is an indication of allergic potential for normal skin. Against this background, hypoallergenic fragrances are still very difficult to produce and a proper mixture for epicutaneous testing is lacking. Among preservatives, parabens are obviously safer and less allergenic than chlorocresol and sorbic acid. Propylene glycol (PG) is very popular for its many beneficial properties. However, it is also an irritant and a sensitiser. The exact number of allergic delayed type reactions is difficult to establish because primary irritant epicutaneous test reactions often closely resemble allergic reactions. By doing epicutaneous tests with serial dilutions of PG and by making peroral challenge tests, the number of eczema patients allergic to PG has been estimated to be as high as 1%. Glycerol is much less active in producing toxic and allergic skin reactions. Common non-ionic emulsifiers and higher fatty alcohols cause allergic contact dermatitis occasionally. The allergenic properties of these substances have not yet been examined experimentally. It seems, however, that there are only small differences between the various emulsifying agents. Les allergies et réactions de toxicité causées par les constituants des crèmes sur les sujets atteints de dermatoses