胡萝卜丁中维生素C在热风辅助射频干燥过程中降解的动力学模型

目的研究热风辅助射频(hot air-assisted radio frequency,HA-RF)干燥过程中维生素C随温度变化的降解动力学模型。方法在6.5 cm极板间距和60℃热风系统条件下进行HA-RF干燥,重点研究胡萝卜丁中维生素C在干燥过程中的降解动力学,包括脱氢抗坏血酸(dehydroascorbic acid,DHAA)和抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,AA)。总维生素C含量采用2,4-硝基苯肼分光光度法测定,AA采用2,6-二氯吲哚酚滴定法测定。结果HA-RF干燥过程中维生素C的降解规律符合一级可逆模型,其降解活化能为40.54 kJ/mol。DHAA活化能为35.83 kJ/mol,表明DHAA的稳定性低于AA。结论本研究使用的干燥温度为62.5~77.5℃,较高的干燥温度下维生素C降解速率较高,较低处理温度下的降解过程具有更好的模型适应度(R2>0.98)。     

Enzymatic Browning in Apple Pulps

Enzymatic browning in Golden Delicious apple pulp was studied as related to degree of ripeness and temperature (3.5–31°C). Green apple pulp showed the highest rate of browning. This was attributable to differences in ascorbic acid (AA) content and polyphenoloxidase activity in young fruits. The rate of browning determined by CIE L* measurements followed complex temperature dependent kinetics, represented by a multiple linear effects with log time. Equal changes in L* parameter yielded straight lines in a log temperature vs log time plot. Inhibition with AA caused an initial slow rate of browning and a well defined break point associated with exhaustion of antioxidant properties of the AA. The greater the AA concentration the longer the initial period.     

Effect of Flour Quality, Ascorbic Acid, and DATEM on Dough Rheological Parameters and Hearth Loaves Characteristics

ABSTRACT: The effects of protein quality, protein content, ascorbic acid, diacetyl tartaric acid ester of monoglyc-erides (DATEM), and their interactions on dough rheology and hearth bread properties were studied by size-exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography, Kieffer Dough & Gluten Extensibility Rig, and small-scale baking of hearth loaves. The effect of protein content was either positive or negative on hearth loaf characteristics, form ratio, and area, depending on the amount of the largest glutenin polymers in the flour. Ascorbic acid brought out the potential in the wheat flour known as protein quality. Ascorbic acid and DATEM strengthened the doughs and improved hearth bread characteristics.     

Modified Atmosphere Packaging Affects Ascorbic Acid, Enzyme Activity and Market Quality of Broccoli

Reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) content, total chlorophyll and green color retention, enzyme activities and texture changes were followed in broccoli spears packaged in polymeric film and nonpackaged during 96 hr storage (10°C). Concentrations within packages monitored by gas chromatography were (CO₂,) 8% and (0²) 10%. RAA retention, moisture content, total chlorophyll and color retention were greater in packaged broccoli. No differences were found between packaged and nonpackaged broccoli for ascorbate oxidase and peroxidase activities, or texture.     

菲酐-纳米金修饰电极同时检测抗坏血酸、多巴胺和尿酸的研究

多孔结构的3,4,9,10-茈四甲酸二酐（PTCDA）作为骨架,用抗坏血酸做还原剂制备纳米金（GNPs）,制备了高催化活性的PrC—GNPs复合纳米材料。将该材料用于玻碳电极的修饰（GCE）,制得PTC—GNPs复合材料修饰的电极（PTC—GNPs／GCE）。该修饰电极能够同时对尿酸（UA）、多巴胺（DA）和抗坏血酸（AA）进行检测。分别使用循环伏安法（CV）和差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）对UA、DA和AA和在修饰电极上的电化学行为进行研究。实验结果表明,在pH=5．0的PBS缓冲体系中,该修饰电极对UA、DA和AA的线性响应范围分别为0．002～0．462mol／L、0．002～0．352mol／L和0．04～1．54mol／L。该传感在临床医学检测领域具有一定的应用前景。     

正弦波伏安法检测尿酸的研究

以玻碳电极为工作电极,利用正弦波伏安法在磷酸缓冲液中选择性检测尿酸.通过傅立叶变换比较了纯的磷酸缓冲液、尿酸和抗坏血酸的正弦波伏安法频域响应,进而发现在第5次谐波处选择性检测尿酸的可能.相比于传统的尿酸检测技术,该技术具有较高的信噪比,操作简单且无需对样品进行预处理.分析了玻碳电极表面抗坏血酸和尿酸的线性扫描响应,在不同扫描速率下两者的伏安图变化趋势相同.在裸玻碳电极表面,利用正弦波伏安法检测尿酸的检测限为1.0μmol/L,在250倍浓度的抗坏血酸共存时仍能利用第5次谐波选择性检测出尿酸.     

间接荧光光度法测定痕量铈

基于在无荧光性的铈（Ⅳ）体系中加入抗坏血酸后生成有特征荧光的铈（Ⅲ）离子,体系中再加入一定浓度的甲醛溶液后,新体系的荧光性得到更大强度的增敏．据此建立了一种间接测定痕量铈（Ⅳ）离子的新方法．利用该方法铈（Ⅳ）离子浓度在1×10^-6mol／L～1×10^-4mol／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7．2×10^-6mol／L．此方法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、选择性好等优点．     

玻炭电极差分脉冲伏安法测定抗坏血酸的研究

研究差分脉冲伏安法在电活化玻炭电极表面测定抗坏血酸的方法。循环伏安表明经电活化的玻炭电极对抗坏血酸具有明显的氧化作用,且氧化峰电流随着抗坏血酸浓度增大而增大。差分脉冲表明抗坏血酸在pH=3.73的1 mol/L HAc-NaAc缓冲体系中具有较高的电活性,且在0～0.08 g/L的浓度范围内,差分脉冲峰电流密度与抗坏血酸的浓度呈线性关系,线性回归方程为:i=9.256c+1.085,r=0.998 2。该方法可用于抗坏血酸注射液浓度的测定,回收率为98.6%～104.0%。     

Evaluating the protective effects of radon inhalation or ascorbic acid treatment after transient global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils

In this study, we compared the protective effects of radon inhalation and ascorbic acid administration on transient global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils. Gerbils were treated with radon inhalation (2000 Bq/m³, 24 hours) or ascorbic acid (100, 300, or 500 mg/kg body weight). Then, transient global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery. Results showed that the number of damaged neurons was significantly increased in gerbils that underwent ischemia compared with that in control gerbils. However, the number of damaged neurons in gerbils treated with radon or 500 mg/kg of ascorbic acid before ischemia was significantly lower than gerbils who were subjected to ischemia without any pretreatment, and the protective effects of radon inhalation were similar to the effects of administering 500 mg/kg ascorbic acid. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione (t-GSH) in brain tissue were increased to a similar extent by pretreatment with radon inhalation or 500 mg/kg of ascorbic acid. These findings suggested that radon inhalation has a protective antioxidative effect against transient global cerebral ischemic injury similar to 500 mg/kg ascorbic acid treatment.     

Polyaniline sensitized Pt@TiO2 for visible-light-driven H2 generation

Polyaniline is a typical conducting polymer with high migration electron rate, good stability, eco-friendly properties, and high absorption coefficients for visible light. In the present study, polyaniline decorated Pt@TiO₂ for visible light-driven H₂ generation is reported for the first time. The above-mentioned nanocomposite is prepared through a simple oxidative-polymerization and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X–ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectra. Polyaniline modification improves the absorption of the nanocomposite in visible light region via a photosensitization effect similar to dye–sensitization but does not influence the crystal structure and size of Pt@TiO₂. The polyaniline modified Pt@TiO₂ exhibits a remarkable visible light activity (61.8 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹) and good stability for H₂ generation (with an average apparent quantum yield of 10.1%) with thioglycolic acid as an electron donor. This work provides new insights into using conducting polymers, including polyaniline, as a sensitizer to modify Pt@TiO₂ for visible-light hydrogen generation.