芦笋保健搅拌酸奶的研制

芦笋是一种兼食品及较强保健功能的稀有蔬菜。对芦笋加工处理、发酵菌种选育驯化、辅料的选择、发酵工艺条件、搅拌方法等一系列的工艺探索,研制出色泽微翠绿、芦笋味典型并适合中老年消费者需求的保健型搅拌酸奶。     

芦笋下脚料中黄酮类物质分离纯化及鉴定

通过研究大孔吸附树脂的吸附和解吸性能,确定了AB-8型树脂分离纯化芦笋下脚料中黄酮类物质的条件为:吸附流速2mL/min,洗脱流速1.5mL/min;吸附原液pH6,洗脱剂为体积分数大于70%乙醇溶液,洗脱剂用量为200mL。纯化后的黄酮类物质经颜色反应和紫外光谱鉴定,主要为黄酮醇类。     

纤维素酶辅助提取芦笋黄酮及其抗氧化活性分析

以黄酮得率为指标,利用纤维素酶协同乙醇提取法从芦笋中提取黄酮,采用响应面设计优化最佳提取工艺参数。结果表明：当液料比50∶1（mL/g）、酶添加量0.20%、乙醇体积分数38.90%、酶解时间1.50 h、酶解温度50.0 ℃、pH 5.0时,芦笋黄酮最高得率为3.99%。当样品质量浓度达到100 μg/mL时,芦笋黄酮对羟自由基的清除率为46.08%,芦笋黄酮对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率为59.42%。小鼠体外抗氧化实验表明,20 μg/mL芦笋黄酮处理组超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力提高16.85%,丙二醛（MDA）含量减少2.49%。以D-半乳糖法亚急性衰老小鼠为模型,高剂量组小鼠血清和肝组织液SOD活力分别提高11.69%和27.62%,MDA含量分别减少38.04%和37.95%。     

Effects of Genetic, Pre- and Post-Harvest Factors on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of White Asparagus Spears

The effects of genetic, pre-harvest (season of harvest, spear diameter, spear portion and spear tip color) and post-harvest factors (storage and domestic preparation practices, e.g., peeling and cooking) on total phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid content of white asparagus spears and their correlation with antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP) were studied. Results showed that genetic material was important for the total phenolic content but not season of harvest, spear diameter or storage. Violet spear tips and apical spear portions showed the largest amount of total phenolics. Peeling did not affect total phenolics in fresh asparagus, whereas it reduced their content in stored asparagus, while cooking resulted in an increase in both fresh and stored asparagus. However, the soluble extract of total phenolics and flavonoids were minor and the missing significance of phenolics and flavonoids in antioxidant capacity of white asparagus spears depends on these small amounts.     

百合、芦笋、芦荟复合保健饮料研制

对百合、芦笋、芦荟复合饮料生产工艺进行研究,结果表明,百合浆汁最适加工方法是打浆时在浆料中加入0.2%的Vc和0.1%的柠檬酸进行预处理,然后进行磨浆(加水量为1∶2),得到清亮浆液(固形物在1%)。芦笋汁的制作以绿芦笋的头、茎部为主,杀青杀菌条件pH值3.5～4.0、96℃、4min。芦荟叶肉最适宜固化方法是将原料放在1mg/mL乳酸钙溶液中浸10h,后打浆滤汁,再加柠檬酸调整pH值为3.5～4.0,得至稳定芦荟汁。复合饮料加工复合过程是先将芦笋汁和芦荟汁复合,然后按百合汁60%,芦芛、芦荟复合汁40%混合,再进行糖酸调配:蛋白糖为0.16mg/mL、柠檬酸0.15mg/mL、蜂蜜0.18mg/mL、最后加0.2mg/mL海藻酸钠为固化稳定剂。复合饮料杀菌温度以82℃,20min为最佳。     

芦笋枣汁清爽啤酒的研制

对以芦笋汁、枣汁、麦芽为原料生产啤酒进行了探讨，结果表明：芦笋汁：枣汁：1：1，混合添加量3％-4％，在主发酵期间添加效果好，成品酒口感清香，具有果蔬啤酒的风味。     

Rutin, The Main Component of Surface Deposits on Pickled Green Asparagus

Highly visible white and greyish deposits appeared on commercially pickled green asparagus spears after 6 mo storage. Microscopic examination revealed that the deposits consisted mainly of needle shaped crystals. Rutin (querce-tin-3-0-rhamnoglucoside), present in asparagus in appreciable quantities (0.02 to 0.1%) was suspected of being responsible for the deposits. The deposits were chromatographed with authentic rutin using HPLC. Retention and spectral data confirmed that the major component of the deposits was rutin.     

Kinetic Parameters for Thermal Degradation of Green Asparagus Texture by Unsteady-state Method

An unsteady-state method was developed for estimating texture degradation during heating-cooling of green asparagus spears. The method used a mathematical model of heat transmission for time-temperature history estimation, and a nonlinear regression of texture measurements of asparagus spears to estimate kinetic parameters. The specific heat, conductivity and convective coefficient of green asparagus were determined experimentally and used in the mathematical model for temperature estimation. Values obtained were Ea = 76.19±0.13 kJ/mol and k_1158°C= 0.00528±0.00005 s^-1. Good agreement was found between predicted and observed texture values. The method was compared with the classical steady-state method. The mathematical model and kinetic parameters estimated could be used to design and evaluate thermal processes for green asparagus.     

绿芦笋木糖醇黑米冰淇淋的研制

绿芦笋具有许多药用保健功能,黑米是我国稻米中珍品,营养价值极高,以黑米为主要辅料.用木糖醇代替部分蔗糖,生产出低糖具有营养保健性的新产品一绿芦笋木糖醇黑米冰淇淋,并对工艺中黑米粉的处理、杀茵、均质、老化、凝冻等操作对冰激淋质量的影响进行初步探讨.研究表明:绿芦笋木糖醇黑米冰淇淋新产品配方为绿芦笋汁5kg、鲜牛奶25 kg、黑米粉3 kg、全脂淡奶粉3 kg、奶油3 kg、鸡蛋5 kg、白砂糖14 kg、糖浆1 kg、复合稳定剂0.3 kg、香草香精0.3kg、盐适量,用水补充至100kg.     

营养型芦笋醋饮料的研制

介绍了以芦笋为原料发酵成醋,然后配制成芦笋醋酸饮料的工艺过程。该产品不仅营养价值高,风味独特,而且还具有一定的保健作用。