Effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin on the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter

The effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin (0.1, 200, and 400 MPa) on the gel properties, water-holding capacity, and water mobility of pork batter were investigated. The high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin significantly increased (P < 0.05) the emulsion stability, cooking yield, hardness, springiness, chewiness, resilience, cohesiveness, the a^* and b^* values, and the G′ and G′′ values of pork batter at 80 °C, compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In contrast, the centrifugal loss and initial relaxation time of T_2b, T₂₁, and T₂₂ significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the microstructure was denser, and the voids were smaller and more uniform compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In addition, the sample with 11S globulin modified at 400 MPa had the best water-holding capacity, gel structure, and gel properties among the samples. Overall, the use of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin improved the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter, especially under 400 MPa.     

Effect of oil degradation during frying on the color of fried, battered squid rings

Oil degradation caused by the number of fryings performed and the effect of oil degradation on the color of fried battered squid rings were studied. Spectrophotometric techniques with absorbance in the UV and visible ranges, and iodine, peroxide, and acid values were used to determine oil degradation. Determination of various CIELAB parameters in order to study the external color of the fried battered squid rings revealed no differences in color due to the number of fryings. A study of the color of the battered squid rings at various frying times and temperatures showed significant differences for both variables. Although there was some degradation in the oil after 20 fryings, appearing as a slight darkening, it did not affect the final color of the fried, battered squid rings.     

上拔荷载对斜桩水平承载性状影响的试验研究

斜桩在承受水平荷载的同时,往往会受到上拔荷载的作用。为研究上拔荷载对斜桩水平承载性状的影响,开展了10根直、斜桩的室内模型试验,研究上拔荷载对斜桩桩顶水平位移和水平承载力的影响,对比了直桩与斜桩桩身弯矩和剪力的差异,并分析了上拔荷载对正、负斜桩桩身内力及桩侧摩阻力的影响规律。模型试验结果表明:上拔荷载从直桩水平极限承载力的12.5%增大到75%时,正斜桩水平承载力比增大21%,负斜桩水平承载力比减小25%。上拔荷载的存在会使正、负斜桩桩身轴力均增大,且上拔荷载越大,桩身轴力越大。上拔荷载能减小正斜桩桩身弯矩和剪力,使其抵抗弯矩和剪力的能力得到提高,而增大负斜桩桩身弯矩和剪力,使其抵抗弯矩和剪力的能力被削弱;不论正斜桩还是负斜桩,其上部区段桩身侧表面均出现了方向向上的摩阻力,而下部区段桩身侧表面均为方向向下的摩阻力,随着上拔荷载的增大,斜桩桩身侧摩阻力逐渐增大。     

高桩承台斜桩基础的地震反应数值分析

为揭示地震荷载作用下高桩承台斜桩基础的地震反应特性,以3种地震波（唐山波、EI波、迁安波）为例,采用三维弹塑性动力有限元技术,分析了桩身倾斜角度、自由桩长对高桩承台斜桩基础地震反应的影响规律。结果表明：各模型桩身轴力最大值均出现在冲刷线以下2.5 m左右,而桩身弯矩最大值均位于承台与桩顶交界处;相同模型的左、右斜桩除竖向位移、Y方向弯矩沿桩身呈对称分布外,加速度、水平位移、轴力、总弯矩沿桩身的分布规律相同;承台高度越大,自由桩长越大,桩身轴力越大而弯矩越小;桩身倾斜度越大,其轴力与弯矩均越大,承台高度对桩身内力的影响大于桩身倾斜度;地震荷载中斜桩的加速度与位移反应降低,但轴力和弯矩增大,斜桩总弯矩主要受控于Y方向的弯矩。     

鱼鳞胶原蛋白对油炸壳层品质的影响

为了改善油炸食品的品质,研究了向裹层面糊中添加玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、麦芽糊精、谷朊粉、大豆分离蛋白、羟丙基甲基纤维素、黄原胶、瓜尔胶和鱼鳞胶原蛋白对180℃条件下油炸2min壳层的含水量、吸油量、L*、a*、b*、色度、色彩角和脆度的影响,并考察了鱼鳞胶原蛋白对油炸壳层品质的影响。结果表明:添加鱼鳞胶原蛋白可改善油炸壳层的金黄色泽且效果优于实验中其他类添加物。玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉和黄原胶可降低壳层7%~12%的含油量,添加麦芽糊精、大豆分离蛋白和CMC可降低壳层5%左右的含油量,而谷朊粉、HPMC和瓜尔胶则可降低壳层1%的吸油量。添加0.2%、0.5%和1%的鱼鳞胶原蛋白可以降低油炸壳层1%~2%的吸油量,且添加1%鱼鳞胶原蛋白壳层的吸油量降低最多,而添加2%、5%和7.5%的鱼鳞胶原蛋白增加了油炸壳层的吸油量。2%与7.5%的鱼鳞胶原蛋白可改善油炸壳层和微波复热壳层的脆性。     

光纤铅酸蓄电池容量传感器研究

从Lambert-Beer定律出发,将接收到的光反射能量的大小与电解液的浓度测量联系起来,通过测量铅酸蓄电池电解液浓度就可知蓄电池的容量状态。该文通过实验研究讨论了温度变化对铅酸蓄电池容量和电解液浓度变化的影响。通过对热光效应的分析,建立了一种基于相对温度测量和光吸收测量原理的新颖的反射式光纤传感器。此传感器的设计能消除温度对电池容量测量的影响,即传感器测量输出信号只与电解液浓度有关,而与温度无关,相当于电解液等效于20℃恒温情况下的测量结果。实验中选用了近红外波长为760 nm光源,研究了温度对铅酸蓄电池容量测量的影响,实验结果及理论分析表明:该测量方法能很好的实现铅酸蓄电池容量的在线检测,该传感器具有测量准确、反应灵敏、使用寿命长等特点。     

Review of The abusive personality: Violence and control in intimate relationships.

Reviews the book, The abusive personality: Violence and control in intimate relationships by Donald G. Dutton (see record 1998-06084-000). Having devoted much of his career to the study of men who abuse their wives, Donald Dutton is unquestionably well qualified to write this book. Through his extensive research on the topic and his hands-on experience with men who batter, he has gained valuable insights into these and other men. In the late 1970s, when my colleagues and I were planning a study on applying social learning theory to the reduction of violence, Don Dutton was one of the few people who had already made headway in that area, and his ideas about how to apply psychological knowledge were formative in our early efforts. Since that early work, Dutton's ideas have evolved based on where his research results led him, and that journey is the story told in this book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基坑双排斜桩模型试验研究

伴随着地下空间开发的开发,基坑开挖深度逐步加大,当开挖深度较大时,单排桩满足不了位移要求时,发展出双排直桩、斜直交替桩等新型支护形式,然而支护效果仍不够理想。为进一步优化基坑工程中的双排支护桩,增大其抗侧刚度,将桩设置为斜桩形成基坑双排斜桩。为了验证双排斜桩的支护效果,基于室内模型试验对双排斜桩在开挖与堆载作用下的桩顶位移和桩身弯矩进行监测,并与单排桩、双排直立桩、小排距前排倾斜双排桩和常规排距前排倾斜双排桩进行对比。研究结果表明:(1)双排直立桩、小排距前排倾斜双排桩、常规排距前排倾斜双排桩和双排斜桩的侧向刚度均优于单排桩;(2)当桩顶排距较小时,前后排形成的空间刚架作用不强,小排距前排倾斜双排桩承载力弱于双排直立桩,当桩顶排距与双排直立桩相同时,前排倾斜双排桩的桩顶位移增长速度比双排直立桩缓慢,承载力提高;(3)双排斜桩在开挖和堆载过程中,位移增长最为缓慢,桩身弯矩较小,相比单排桩、双排直立桩和前排倾斜双排桩有一定优势;(4)对5种工况的桩型布置进行排序,双排斜桩＞常规排距前排倾斜双排桩＞双排直立桩＞小排距前排倾斜双排桩＞单排桩。     

水平偏心荷载下斜桩群桩受力性状的离心机模型试验

为研究斜桩群桩在水平偏心荷载下的受力性状,在砂土中开展了一系列离心机模型试验,着重对比了直桩群桩和斜桩群桩抵抗水平及偏心荷载的不同特性。详细介绍了模型试验的装置、方法以及内容。试验结果表明：水平荷载偏心距大小对群桩水平承载力有一定的影响,但是对群桩扭转承载力的影响较小。对于直桩群桩,在试验范围内小偏心距（4.3倍桩径）加载对应的水平承载力大于零偏心距（即纯水平加载）及大偏心距（7.1倍桩径）加载的水平承载力。相同条件下,斜桩群桩抵抗水平、偏心及扭转荷载的能力显著强于直桩群桩。水平偏心荷载下,斜桩群桩中各基桩的桩顶水平位移相互差异较直桩群桩更大,且该差异随偏心距的增加而增大;在多向荷载的共同作用下,基桩桩顶剪力与桩顶位移方向有所不同。水平荷载下斜桩群桩中的基桩轴力显著大于直桩群桩。斜桩群桩较好地发挥了基桩的轴向承载能力,从而能够更有效地抵抗水平荷载。